NARS
UniProt:O43776 NARS
FARS1
FARS2
HSPC320
UniProt:O95363 FARS2
HARS
HRS
UniProt:P12081 HARS
PKCA
PRKACA
PRKCA
UniProt:P17252 PRKCA
EIF4B
UniProt:P23588 EIF4B
G7A
UniProt:P26640 VARS
VARS
VARS2
AKT1
PKB
RAC
UniProt:P31749 AKT1
APOBEC1
UniProt:P41238 APOBEC1
QARS
UniProt:P47897 QARS
MAPKAPK2
UniProt:P49137 MAPKAPK2
AARS
UniProt:P49588 AARS
HARS2
HARSL
HARSR
HO3
UniProt:P49590 HARS2
PAP
PAPOLA
UniProt:P51003 PAPOLA
EEF1A
EEF1A1
EF1A
LENG7
UniProt:P68104 EEF1A1
PRKCD
UniProt:Q05655 PRKCD
KIAA0028
LARS2
UniProt:Q15031 LARS2
EIF4H
KIAA0038
UniProt:Q15056 EIF4H
WBSCR1
WSCR1
EARS2
KIAA1970
UniProt:Q5JPH6 EARS2
AARS2
AARSL
KIAA1270
UniProt:Q5JTZ9 AARS2
KIAA1885
UniProt:Q5ST30 VARS2
VARS2L
VARSL
RARS2
RARSL
UniProt:Q5T160 RARS2
PARS2
UniProt:Q7L3T8 PARS2
SEP1
UniProt:Q8IZH2 XRN1
XRN1
KAT2B
PCAF
UniProt:Q92831 KAT2B
KIAA0221
RENT1
UPF1
UniProt:Q92900 UPF1
DCPS
DCS1
HINT5
HSPC015
UniProt:Q96C86 DCPS
MARS2
UniProt:Q96GW9 MARS2
NARS2
UniProt:Q96I59 NARS2
HCA137
NCOA6IP
PIMT
TGS1
UniProt:Q96RS0 TGS1
TARS2
TARSL1
UniProt:Q9BW92 TARS2
CARS2
OK/SW-cl.10
UniProt:Q9HA77 CARS2
IARS2
UniProt:Q9NSE4 IARS2
UniProt:Q9UGM6 WARS2
WARS2
DICER
DICER1
HERNA
KIAA0928
UniProt:Q9UPY3 DICER1
CTDP1
FCP1
UniProt:Q9Y5B0 CTDP1
Dissociation of L13a from the 60s ribosomal subunit
INF-gamma induced phosphorylation of L13a
Association of phospho-L13a with GAIT element of Ceruloplasmin mRNA
pyrophosphate + H2O => 2 orthophosphate [cytosolic]
pyrophosphate + H2O => 2 orthophosphate [mitochondrial]
Cleavage of mRNA at the 3'-end
mRNA polyadenylation
Binding of SLBP to Replication-Dependent Histone Pre-mRNA
Recruitment of U7 snRNP:ZFP100 complex to the SLBP Bound Pre-mRNA
Cleavage of the 3'-end of Replication Dependent Histone Pre-mRNA
Recruitment of U7 snRNP:ZFP100 complex to the Histone Pre-mRNA
Cleavage of the 3'-end of the Histone Pre-mRNA
Recognition of AAUAAA sequence by CPSF
Recruitment of CstF to the CPSF Bound Pre-mRNA
Binding of Cleavage factors and Poly(A)Polymerase to the CstF:CPSF:Pre-mRNA Complex
Cleavage and polyadenylation of Intronless Pre-mRNA
Cleavage of Intronless Pre-mRNA at 3'-end
Formation of ARC coactivator complex
Formation of DRIP coactivator complex
Formation of TRAP coactivator complex
Formation of CSL-NICD coactivator complex
Formation of NR-MED1 Coactivator Complex
KRAB-ZNF / KAP Interaction
WWTR1 (TAZ) binds TEAD
YAP1 binds TEAD
WWTR1 (TAZ), TBX5, and PCAF form a complex
WWTR1 (TAZ) binds RUNX2
Phosphorylated SMAD2 and SMAD3 form a complex with SMAD4
The SMAD2/3:SMAD4 complex transfers to the nucleus
Phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3 linker regions by CDK8 or CDK9
WWTR1 binds SMAD2/3:SMAD4 heterotrimer
WWTR1:SMAD translocates to the nucleus
WWTR1:SMAD stimulates transcription of SMAD7
WWTR1:SMAD stimulates transcription of SERPINE1 while TGIF:SMAD and SMAD7 inhibit it
RNF111 binds SMAD7
RNF111 ubiquitinates SMAD7
SMAD2/3:SMAD4 heterotrimer forms a complex with RBL1, E2F4/5 and DP1/2
MYC trancscription is negatively regulated by SMAD2/3:SMAD4:RBL1:E2F4/5:DP1/2 complex
SMAD2/3:SMAD4 heterotrimer binds SP1
SMAD2/3:SMAD4:SP1 complex stimulates transcription of CDKN2B
MEN1 binds SMAD2/3:SMAD4 heterotrimer
SMAD2/3:SMAD4 complex positively regulates JUNB transcription
SKI/SKIL binds SMAD complex, suppressing TGF-beta signaling
SMAD2/3 activation induces binding of RNF111/SMURF2 to SKI/SKIL
Ubiquitination of SKI/SKIL by RNF111/SMURF2
TRIM33 (Ectodermin) binds SMAD heterotrimer in the nucleus
TRIM33 monoubiquitinates SMAD4
Ubiquitinated SMAD4 translocates from the nucleus to the cytosol
USP9X (FAM) binds to ubiquitinated SMAD4
USP9X (FAM) deubiquitinates SMAD4
NEDD4L binds phosphorylated linker region of SMAD2/3
NEDD4L ubiquitinates SMAD2/3
SMURF2 binds SMAD3 phosphorylated in the linker region
SMURF2 monoubiquitinates SMAD3
TGIF recruits HDAC1 to SMAD2/3:SMAD4 heterotrimer
PARP1 binds SMAD2/3:SMAD4 heterotrimer
PARP1 ADP-ribosylates SMAD3 and SMAD4
PPM1A protein phosphatase binds phosphorylated SMAD2/3
PPM1A dephosphorylates nuclear SMAD2/3
Dephosphorylated SMAD2/3 translocates to the cytosol
UBF-1 Binds rDNA Promoter
Phosphorylation of UBF-1:rDNA Promoter
Formation of SL1
Acetylation of SL1
Recruitment of Acetylated SL1 to phosUBF-1:rDNA Promoter
Assembly of RNA Polymerase I Holoenzyme (human)
Binding of Rrn3 to RNA Polymerase I
Recruitment of Active RNA Polymerase I to SL1:phos.UBF-1:rDNA Promoter
Loss of Rrn3 from RNA Polymerase I promoter escape complex
Elongation of pre-rRNA transcript
TTF-I binds to the Sal Box
Polymerase I Transcription Complex/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex pauses at the TTF-I:Sal Box
PTRF Binds the Polymerase I Transcription Complex/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex paused at the TTF-I:Sal Box
Dissociation of PTRF:Polymerase I/Nascent Pre rRNA Complex:TTF-I:Sal Box
RNA Polymerase III Abortive Initiation At Type 1 Open Promoters
RNA Polymerase III Abortive Initiation At Type 2 Open Promoters
RNA Polymerase III Abortive Initiation At Type 3 Open Promoters
RNA Polymerase III Productive Transcription
RNA Polymerase III Promoter Opening at Type 1 Promoters
RNA Polymerase III Promoter Opening at Type 2 Promoters
RNA Polymerase III Promoter Opening at Type 3 Promoters
RNA Polymerase III Retractive RNase Activity at U-tract Pause Sites
RNA Polymerase III Simple Start Sequence Initiation At Type 1 Promoters
RNA Polymerase III Simple Start Sequence Initiation At Type 2 Promoters
RNA Polymerase III Simple Start Sequence Initiation At Type 3 Promoters
RNA Polymerase III Termination and release of transcribed mRNA
RNA Polymerase III Transcriptional Pause at Terminator Sequence
Binding of TFIIIA To type 1 Promoter
Binding of TFIIIC to TFIIIA:Type I Promoter complex
Binding of TFIIIB to TFIIIC:TFIIIA:Type I Promoter complex
Recruitment of RNA polymerase III to TFIIIB:TFIIIC:TFIIIA:Type 1 Promoter Complex
Binding of TFIIIC to Type 2 promoter
Binding of TFIIIB to TFIIC: Type 2 Promoter Complex
Recruitment of RNA Polymerase III to the TFIIIB:TFIIIC: Type 2 Promoter Complex
Binding of SNAPc, Oct-1, and Staf to Type 3 Promoter
Binding of TFIIIB to SNAPc:Oct-1:Staf:Type 3 Promoter Complex
Recruitment of RNA Polymerase III to TFIIIB:SNAPc:Type 3 Promoter Complex
Initiation of RNA Polymerase III Productive Transcription
Resumption of RNA Polymerase III Productive Transcription
TFAM binds to mitochondrial promoters
Association of TFAM:mt promoter complex with POLRMT:TFB2M
Association of mTERF with the termination sequence
Abortive initiation after formation of the first phosphodiester bond
Abortive Initiation After Second Transition
Abortive Initiation Before Second Transition
Formation of DSIF complex
Formation of Elongin BC complex
Formation of FACT complex
Formation of NELF complex
Formation of P-TEFb complex
Formation of elongin complex
Resumption of elongation after recovery from pausing
2-4 nt.backtracking of Pol II complex on the template leading to elongation pausing
7-14 nt. Backtracking of Pol II complex on the template leading to elongation arrest
TFIIS-mediated recovery of elongation from arrest
Abortive termination of early transcription elongation by DSIF:NELF
Abortive termination of elongation after arrest
Elongating transcript encounters a lesion in the template
Fall Back to Closed Pre-initiation Complex
Recognition and Binding of Core Promoter Elements by TFIID
Binding of TFIIA and TFIIB to the pol II promoter:TFIID complex
Recruitment of RNA Polymerase II Holoenzyme by TFIIF to the pol II promoter:TFIID:TFIIA:TFIIB complex
Binding of TFIIE to the growing preinitiation complex
Formation of the closed pre-initiation complex
RNA Polymerase II Promoter Opening: First Transition
NTP Binds Active Site of RNA Polymerase II
Nucleophillic Attack by 3'-hydroxyl Oxygen of nascent transcript on the Alpha Phosphate of NTP
Newly Formed Phosphodiester Bond Stabilized and PPi Released
Addition of the third nucleotide on the nascent transcript
Addition of the fourth nucleotide on the Nascent Transcript: Second Transition
Addition of Nucleotides 5 through 9 on the growing Transcript
Addition of nucleotides 10 and 11 on the growing transcript: Third Transition
Addition of nucleotides between position +11 and +30
Extrusion of 5'-end of 30 nt long transcript through the pore in Pol II complex
Phosphorylation (Ser5) of RNA pol II CTD
RNA Polymerase II CTD (phosphorylated) binds to CE
Activation of GT
SPT5 subunit of Pol II binds the RNA triphosphatase (RTP)
Hypophosphorylation of RNA Pol II CTD by FCP1P protein
DSIF complex binds to RNA Pol II (hypophosphorylated)
Formation of DSIF:NELF:early elongation complex
Hyperphosphorylation (Ser2) of RNA Pol II CTD by P-TEFb complex
Recruitment of elongation factors to form elongation complex
Addition of nucleotides leads to transcript elongation
Pol II elongation complex moves on the template as transcript elongates
Separation of elongating transcript from template
Capping complex formation
Hydrolysis of the 5'-end of the nascent transcript by the capping enzyme
Formation of the CE:GMP intermediate complex
Transfer of GMP from the capping enzyme GT site to 5'-end of mRNA
Dissociation of transcript with 5'-GMP from GT
Methylation of GMP-cap by RNA Methyltransferase
Recognition and binding of the mRNA cap by the cap-binding complex
Formation of cap binding complex (CBC)
Internal Methylation of mRNA
Formation of pre-mRNPs
Formation of the Spliceosomal E complex
Formation of the Spliceosomal A Complex
Formation of the Spliceosomal B Complex
Formation of the Cleavage and Polyadenylation Complex
Formation of an intermediate Spliceosomal C complex
Formation of the active Spliceosomal C complex
Lariat Formation and 5'-Splice Site Cleavage
Formation of Exon Junction Complex
Cleavage at the 3'-Splice Site and Exon Ligation
Formation of AT-AC A complex
Formation of AT-AC B Complex
Formation of AT-AC C complex
ATAC spliceosome mediated Lariat formation,5' splice site cleavage
ATAC spliceosome mediated 3' splice site cleavage, exon ligation
Recruitment of TAP to the EJC
Docking of the TAP:EJC Complex with the NPC
Transport of the export-competent complex through the NPC
Release from the NPC and Disassembly of the mRNP
Docking of Mature Replication Dependent Histone mRNA with the NPC
Transport of the Mature IntronlessTranscript Derived Histone mRNA:SLBP:TAP:Aly/Ref complex through the NPC
Release of the Mature intronless transcript derived Histone mRNA:SLBP:eIF4E Complex
Docking of Mature Histone mRNA complex:TAP at the NPC
Transport of the Mature Intronless Transcript Derived Histone mRNA:TAP:Aly/Ref Complex through the NPC
Release of the SLBP independent Histone mRNA from the NPC
Docking of the Mature intronless derived transcript derived mRNA, TAP and Aly/Ref at the NPC
Transport of the Mature intronless transcript derived mRNA:TAP:Aly/Ref Complex through the NPC
Release of the Mature intronless derived mRNA, TAP, and Aly/Ref from the NPC
Formation of stem-loop structure in ApoB mRNA
Binding of A1CF to stem-looped RNA
Binding of APOBEC-1 to form editosome
C4 deamination of cytidine
Formation of dsRNA structure by looping
Formation of ADAR1 homodimer
Binding of ADAR1 homodimer to dsRNA duplex
Formation of ADAR2 homodimer
Binding of ADAR2 homodimer to dsRNA duplex
Deamination at C6 position of adenosine in Editosome (ADAR1)
Deamination at C6 position of adenosine in Editosome (ADAR2)
alanine + tRNA(Ala) + ATP => Ala-tRNA(Ala) + AMP + pyrophosphate
arginine + tRNA(Arg) + ATP => Arg-tRNA(Arg) + AMP + pyrophosphate
asparagine + tRNA(Asn) + ATP => Asn-tRNA(Asn) + AMP + pyrophosphate
aspartate + tRNA(Asp) + ATP => Asp-tRNA(Asp) + AMP + pyrophosphate
cysteine + tRNA(Cys) + ATP => Cys-tRNA(Cys) + AMP + pyrophosphate
glutamate + tRNA(Glu) + ATP => Glu-tRNA(Glu) + AMP + pyrophosphate
glutamine + tRNA(Gln) + ATP => Gln-tRNA(Gln) + AMP + pyrophosphate
glycine + tRNA(Gly) + ATP => Gly-tRNA(Gly) + AMP + pyrophosphate
histidine + tRNA(His) + ATP => His-tRNA(His) + AMP + pyrophosphate
isoleucine + tRNA(Ile) + ATP => Ile-tRNA(Ile) + AMP + pyrophosphate
leucine + tRNA(Leu) + ATP => Leu-tRNA(Leu) + AMP + pyrophosphate
lysine + tRNA(Lys) + ATP => Lys-tRNA(Lys) + AMP + pyrophosphate
methionine + tRNA(Met) + ATP => Met-tRNA(Met) + AMP + pyrophosphate
phenylalanine + tRNA(Phe) + ATP => Phe-tRNA(Phe) + AMP + pyrophosphate
proline + tRNA(Pro) + ATP => Pro-tRNA(Pro) + AMP + pyrophosphate
serine + tRNA(Ser) + ATP => Ser-tRNA(Ser) + AMP + pyrophosphate
threonine + tRNA(Thr) + ATP => Thr-tRNA(Thr) + AMP + pyrophosphate
tryptophan + tRNA(Trp) + ATP => Trp-tRNA(Trp) + AMP + pyrophosphate
tyrosine + tRNA(Tyr) + ATP =>Tyr-tRNA(Tyr) + AMP + pyrophosphate
valine + tRNA(Val) + ATP => Val-tRNA(Val) + AMP + pyrophosphate
glutamine + tRNA(Glu) + ATP => Glu-tRNA(Glu) + AMP + pyrophosphate
tyrosine + tRNA(Tyr) + ATP => Tyr-tRNA(Tyr) + AMP + pyrophosphate
Partial Deadenylation of mRNA by the PAN2-PAN3 Complex
Deadenylation of mRNA by PARN
Deadenylation of mRNA by the CCR4-NOT Complex
3' to 5' Exoribonuclease Digestion of mRNA by the Exosome Complex
Scavenging of the 7-methylguanosine Cap by DCPS
Binding of Lsm1-7 Complex to Deadenylated mRNA
Decapping of mRNA by the DCP1-DCP2 Complex
5' to 3' Exoribonuclease Digestion of Decapped mRNA
UPF1 Binds an mRNP with a Termination Codon Preceding an Exon Junction Complex
SMG1 Phosphorylates UPF1 (Enhanced by Exon Junction Complex)
Phosphorylated UPF1 Recruits SMG5, SMG7, SMG6, and PP2A
SMG6 Cleaves mRNA with Premature Termination Codon
Decay of mRNA in SMG6:SMG5:SMG7:mRNA Complex
Formation of UPF1:eRF3 Complex on mRNA with a Premature Termination Codon and No Exon Junction Complex
Microprocessor complex cleaves pri-miRNA to pre-miRNA
Exportin-5 recognizes 3' overhang of pre-miRNA
Exportin complex translocates pre-miRNA to cytosol
Dicer cleaves pre-miRNA to yield duplex miRNA
Duplex miRNA is loaded into Argonaute
Removal of miRNA passenger strand
Dicer cleaves double-stranded RNA to yield double-stranded siRNA
Duplex siRNA is loaded into Argonaute
Cleavage-based removal of the siRNA passenger strand by AGO2
Removal of siRNA passenger strand
Cleavage of Target RNAs by Endonucleolytic RISC
Binding of Inexactly Matching Target RNAs by RISC.
Binding of Exactly Matching Target RNAs by Nonendonucleolytic RISC
AUF1(hnRNP D0) Dimers Bind AU-rich Element in 3' UTR of Transcripts
Association of AUF1 with Translation and Heat Shock Proteins
Ubiquitination of AUF1 (hnRNP D0)
Destruction of AUF1 and mRNA
Butyrate Response Factor1 (BRF1) Binds AU-rich Element in 3' UTR of mRNA
BRF1 Complex Recruits RNA Degradation Activities
Phosphorylation of BRF1 by Protein Kinase B/Akt
Phosphorylation of BRF1 by MK2
Phosphorylated BRF1 (Ser92, Ser203) Binds 14-3-3
Phosphorylated BRF1 (Ser54, Ser92, Ser203) Binds 14-3-3
Tristetraproline (TTP) Binds AU-rich Elements in 3' UTR of Target mRNAs
TTP Recruits RNA Degradation Activities
Phosphorylation of Tristetraproline (TTP) by MK2
Phosphorylated Tristetraproline (TTP) binds 14-3-3beta
KSRP Binds AU-rich Element in 3' UTR of mRNA
KSRP Recruits RNA Degradation Activities
Phosphorylation of KSRP by Protein Kinase B/Akt
Phosphorylated KSRP (Ser193) Binds 14-3-3zeta in the Nucleus
Phosphorylation of KSRP by MAP kinase p38
Phosphorylation of HuR by PKCalpha
Phosphorylation of HuR by PKCdelta
Phosphorylated HuR (Ser221, Ser158) Binds mRNA
Phosphorylated HuR (Ser221, Ser318) Binds mRNA
HuR Binds mRNAs in the Nucleus
Association of HuR with the CRM1 Nuclear Export Machinery
Export of HuR:mRNA Complex from the Nucleus to the Cytoplasm
Release of 40S and 60S subunits from the 80S ribosome
eIF3 and eIF1A bind to the 40S subunit
De novo formation of eIF2:GTP
Met-tRNAi binds to eIF2:GTP to form the ternary complex
Formation of the 43S pre-initiation complex
Release of eIF4E from the inactive eIF4E:4E-BP complex
Formation of the cap-binding eIF4F complex
eIF4F binds to mRNP
Cap-bound mRNA is activated by helicases
Formation of translation initiation complexes containing mRNA that does not circularize
Formation of translation initiation complexes yielding circularized Ceruloplasmin mRNA in a 'closed-loop' conformation
Ribosomal scanning
Start codon recognition
eIF2:GTP is hydrolyzed, eIFs are released
eIF5B:GTP is hydrolyzed and released
The 60S subunit joins the translation initiation complex
Formation of eIF2:GDP:eIF2B intermediate
eIF2 activation
Synthesis of nascent polypeptide containing signal sequence
Association of a nascent polypeptide:mRNA:ribosome complex with a signal recognition particle (SRP)
The SRP receptor binds the SRP:nascent peptide:ribosome complex
Translocation of signal-containing nascent peptide to Endoplasmic Reticulum
Signal peptide cleavage from ribosome-associated nascent protein
eEF1A complexes with GTP
eEF1A:GTP:aminoacyl tRNA ternary complex formation.
Aminoacyl-tRNA binds to the ribosome at the A-site
Hydrolysis of eEF1A:GTP
Peptide transfer from P-site tRNA to the A-site tRNA
Translocation of ribosome by 3 bases in the 3' direction
GTP-binding activates eEF2
Regeneration of eEF1A:GTP by eEF1B activity
Formation of eEF1B complex
GTP bound eRF3:eRF1 complex binds the peptidyl tRNA:mRNA:80S Ribosome complex
GTP Hydrolysis by eRF3 bound to the eRF1:mRNA:polypeptide:80S Ribosome complex
Polypeptide release from the eRF3-GDP:eRF1:mRNA:80S Ribosome complex
Nuclear export of snRNA transcripts
Loading and methylation of Sm proteins onto SMN Complexes
snRNP complex assembly
snRNA Cap hypermethylation
snRNP:Snurportin complex formation
snRNP nuclear import and release
IGF2BP1 Binds Specific RNA Molecules
IGF2BP2 Binds Specific RNA Molecules
IGF2BP3 Binds Specific RNA Molecules
Degradation of Ub-SMAD7
Degradation of ubiquitinated SKI/SKIL
Degradation of SMAD2/3:SMAD4 complex
Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of the SMAD complex terminates TGF-beta signaling
mRNA 3'-end processing
Processing of Capped Intronless Pre-mRNA
SLBP Dependent Processing of Replication-Dependent Histone Pre-mRNAs
SLBP independent Processing of Histone Pre-mRNAs
Processing of Intronless Pre-mRNAs
Gene Expression
Generic Transcription Pathway
Notch-HLH transcription pathway
Nuclear Receptor transcription pathway
YAP1- and WWTR1 (TAZ)-stimulated gene expression
Transcriptional activity of SMAD2/SMAD3:SMAD4 heterotrimer
SMAD2/SMAD3:SMAD4 heterotrimer regulates transcription
Downregulation of SMAD2/3:SMAD4 transcriptional activity
RNA Polymerase I, RNA Polymerase III, and Mitochondrial Transcription
RNA Polymerase I Transcription
RNA Polymerase I Promoter Clearance
RNA Polymerase I Promoter Opening
RNA Polymerase I Transcription Initiation
RNA Polymerase I Promoter Escape
RNA Polymerase I Chain Elongation
RNA Polymerase I Transcription Termination
RNA Polymerase III Transcription
RNA Polymerase III Abortive And Retractive Initiation
RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation
RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 1 Promoter
RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 2 Promoter
RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 3 Promoter
RNA Polymerase III Chain Elongation
RNA Polymerase III Transcription Termination
Transcription from mitochondrial promoters
Mitochondrial transcription initiation
POLRMT chain elongation
Mitochondrial transcription termination
RNA Polymerase II Transcription
RNA Polymerase II Pre-transcription Events
RNA Polymerase II Transcription Pre-Initiation And Promoter Opening
RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation And Promoter Clearance
RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation
RNA Polymerase II Promoter Escape
RNA Pol II CTD phosphorylation and interaction with CE
RNA Polymerase II Transcription Elongation
Formation of the Early Elongation Complex
Formation of RNA Pol II elongation complex
RNA Polymerase II Transcription Termination
Cleavage of Growing Transcript in the Termination Region
mRNA Capping
Processing of Capped Intron-Containing Pre-mRNA
mRNA Splicing
U2 Dependent Splicing
mRNA Splicing - Major Pathway
pre-mRNA splicing
U12 Dependent Splicing
mRNA Splicing - Minor Pathway
Transport of Mature Transcript to Cytoplasm
Transport of Mature mRNA derived from an Intron-Containing Transcript
Transport of Mature mRNAs Derived from Intronless Transcripts
Transport of the SLBP Dependant Mature mRNA
Transport of the SLBP independent Mature mRNA
Transport of Mature mRNA Derived from an Intronless Transcript
mRNA Editing
mRNA Editing: C to U Conversion
Formation of the Editosome
mRNA Editing: A to I Conversion
Formation of editosomes by ADAR proteins
C6 deamination of adenosine
tRNA Aminoacylation
Cytosolic tRNA aminoacylation
Mitochondrial tRNA aminoacylation
Deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay
Deadenylation of mRNA
mRNA Decay by 3' to 5' Exoribonuclease
mRNA Decay by 5' to 3' Exoribonuclease
Nonsense-Mediated Decay
Nonsense Mediated Decay Enhanced by the Exon Junction Complex
Nonsense Mediated Decay Independent of the Exon Junction Complex
Regulatory RNA pathways
MicroRNA (miRNA) Biogenesis
Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) Biogenesis
Post-transcriptional Silencing By Small RNAs
Regulation of mRNA Stability by Proteins that Bind AU-rich Elements
Destabilization of mRNA by AUF1 (hnRNP D0)
Destabilization of mRNA by Butyrate Response Factor 1 (BRF1)
Destabilization of mRNA by Tristetraprolin (TTP)
Destabilization of mRNA by KSRP
Stabilization of mRNA by HuR
Translation
Eukaryotic Translation Initiation
Cap-dependent Translation Initiation
Formation of a pool of free 40S subunits
Formation of the ternary complex, and subsequently, the 43S complex
Activation of the mRNA upon binding of the cap-binding complex and eIFs, and subsequent binding to 43S
Translation initiation complex formation
Ribosomal scanning and start codon recognition
GTP hydrolysis and joining of the 60S ribosomal subunit
Recycling of eIF2:GDP
Cap-independent Translation Initiation
SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane
Eukaryotic Translation Elongation
Peptide chain elongation
Eukaryotic Translation Termination
Metabolism of non-coding RNA
Non-coding RNA Metabolism
snRNP Assembly
Binding of RNA by Insulin-like Growth Factor-2 mRNA Binding Proteins (IGF2BPs/IMPs/VICKZs)
L13a-mediated translational silencing of Ceruloplasmin expression
Expression of CTGF
Expression of NPPA (ANF)
Pol II mediated transcription of microRNA genes