# HISTORY
25 Mar 2016: Updated by: TOUCHUP-v1.15
16 Mar 2016: Updated by: TOUCHUP-v1.14

# molecular_function

# cellular_component
20140908: Eukaryota_PTN000365650 is found in nucleolus (GO:0005730) 
20140908: Eukaryota_PTN000365650 is found in small-subunit processome (GO:0032040) 

# biological_process
20140908: Eukaryota_PTN000365650 participates in maturation of SSU-rRNA (GO:0030490) 
20140908: Murinae_PTN001020778 participates in spermatogenesis (GO:0007283) 

# WARNINGS - THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN REMOVED FOR THE REASONS NOTED

# NOTES
This family comprises the UTP14 subunits of the ribosomal Small Subunit Processome, also called the SSU Processome, a large complex which is involved in the initial cleavages of the primary rRNA transcript to separate the small ribosomal subunit (SSU) rRNA from the remainder of the transcript. It is thus specifically involved in the biogenesis of the small ribosomal subunit.
The SSU processome was originally identified and characterized from S. cerevisiae (Dragon et al. 2002, PMID:12068309; Gallagher et al. 2004, PMID:15489292; Bernstein et al. 2004, PMID:15590835; and reviewed in Phipps et al. 2011, PMID:21318072). As of September 2014, it has begun to be characterized experimentally from other species such as human (Turner et al. 2012, PMID:22418842; Sato et al. 2013, PMID:24219289; and Hu et al. 2011, PMID:21078665), zebrafish (Wilkins et al. 2013, PMID:24147052), and mouse (Gallenberger et al. 2011, PMID:21051332).
The UTP14 subunit is a confirmed subunit of the SSU processome, but is not classified as being part of a specific subcomplex (Phipps et al. 2011, PMID:21318072).
In mammals, expressed and functional X-to-autosome retrogenes have arisen independently multiple times from the X-linked Utp14a gene: e.g. Utp14b in rodents, and UTP14C in human and macaques, possibly due to selective pressure to assemble ribosomes to support spermatogenesis during meiotic X-inactivation of the Utp14a gene (Bradley et al. 2004. PMID:15258580).
Feng et al. 2013 (PMID:24214024) performed an extensive computational analysis from 77 completely sequenced eukaryotic genomes, including representatives of the five eukaryotic supergroups: Opisthokonts, Amoebozoa, Plantae, Excavates, and Chromalveolates, and compared these to sequences from both prokaryotic and Archaeal species for all 51 confirmed and 26 likely SSU processome subunits in S. cerevisiae as indicated in Phipps et al. 2011, PMID:21318072. In addition, Srivastava et al. have identified SSU processome subunits in the parasitic protist Entamoeba histolytica (Srivastava et al. 2014, PMID:24631428).
UTP14 is one of the 51 confirmed proteins that is highly conserved across the 77 eukaryotic species, as listed in Table 1 of Feng et al. 2013 (PMID:24214024). It is also found in the parasitic protist Entamoeba histolytica (Srivastava et al. 2014, PMID:24631428).
Sequence Comments
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- ARATH_AT5G36980 looks like a partial sequence.

# REFERENCE
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
The goal of the GO Reference Genome Project, described in PMID 19578431, is to provide accurate, complete and consistent GO annotations for all genes in twelve model organism genomes. To this end, GO curators are annotating evolutionary trees from the PANTHER database with GO terms describing molecular function, biological process and cellular component. GO terms based on experimental data from the scientific literature are used to annotate ancestral genes in the phylogenetic tree by sequence similarity (ISS), and unannotated descendants of these ancestral genes are inferred to have inherited these same GO annotations by descent. The annotations are done using a tool called PAINT (Phylogenetic Annotation and INference Tool).