definition expand assertion to term replaced by Class: ?X DisjointWith: RO_0002162 some ?Y RO:0002161 external never_in_taxon true true never_in_taxon never_in_taxon Term not to be used for direct annotation Term not to be used for direct manual annotation AGR slim Aspergillus GO slim Candida GO slim ChEMBL protein targets summary Generic GO slim Metagenomics GO slim Mouse GO slim PIR GO slim Plant GO slim Fission yeast GO slim synapse GO slim Yeast GO slim label approved by the SynGO project Systematic synonym subset_property synonym_type_property consider has_alternative_id has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference has_exact_synonym has_narrow_synonym has_obo_format_version has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym has_scope has_synonym_type in_subset shorthand BFO:0000050 external part_of part_of part of BFO:0000051 external has_part has_part has_part BFO:0000066 external occurs_in occurs_in occurs in RO:0002091 external starts_during starts_during starts_during RO:0002092 external happens_during happens_during happens_during RO:0002093 external ends_during ends_during ends_during RO:0002211 external regulates regulates regulates RO:0002212 external negatively_regulates negatively_regulates negatively regulates RO:0002213 external positively_regulates positively_regulates positively regulates The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms. GO:0019952 GO:0050876 Wikipedia:Reproduction reproductive physiological process biological_process GO:0000003 reproduction The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact. nuclear interphase chromosome cellular_component GO:0000228 nuclear chromosome A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact. GOC:dph GOC:mah A chromosome found in the cytoplasm. cytoplasmic interphase chromosome cellular_component GO:0000229 cytoplasmic chromosome A chromosome found in the cytoplasm. GOC:mah Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent. GO:0007067 Reactome:REACT_100451 Reactome:REACT_104035 Reactome:REACT_104195 Reactome:REACT_105856 Reactome:REACT_108233 Reactome:REACT_152 Reactome:REACT_28464 Reactome:REACT_28953 Reactome:REACT_33388 Reactome:REACT_53493 Reactome:REACT_79085 Reactome:REACT_84794 Reactome:REACT_85137 Reactome:REACT_85950 Reactome:REACT_90332 Reactome:REACT_90846 Reactome:REACT_96281 Reactome:REACT_97744 Reactome:REACT_98208 Wikipedia:Mitosis biological_process mitosis GO:0000278 mitotic cell cycle Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent. GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 Reactome:69278 Reactome:REACT_100451 Cell Cycle, Mitotic, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_104035 Cell Cycle, Mitotic, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_104195 Cell Cycle, Mitotic, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_105856 Cell Cycle, Mitotic, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_108233 Cell Cycle, Mitotic, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_152 Cell Cycle, Mitotic, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_28464 Cell Cycle, Mitotic, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_28953 Cell Cycle, Mitotic, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_33388 Cell Cycle, Mitotic, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_53493 Cell Cycle, Mitotic, Plasmodium falciparum Reactome:REACT_79085 Cell Cycle, Mitotic, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_84794 Cell Cycle, Mitotic, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_85137 Cell Cycle, Mitotic, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_85950 Cell Cycle, Mitotic, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_90332 Cell Cycle, Mitotic, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_90846 Cell Cycle, Mitotic, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_96281 Cell Cycle, Mitotic, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_97744 Cell Cycle, Mitotic, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_98208 Cell Cycle, Mitotic, Mycobacterium tuberculosis The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized. GO:0007148 GO:0045790 GO:0045791 cellular morphogenesis biological_process GO:0000902 cell morphogenesis The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized. GOC:clt GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. Wikipedia:Immune_system biological_process GO:0002376 Note that this term is a direct child of 'biological_process ; GO:0008150' because some immune system processes are types of cellular process (GO:0009987), whereas others are types of multicellular organism process (GO:0032501). This term was added by GO_REF:0000022. immune system process Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. GOC:add GOC:mtg_15nov05 GO_REF:0000022 A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism. Wikipedia:Circulatory_system biological_process GO:0003013 circulatory system process A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism. GOC:mtg_cardio A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. These actions are described from two distinct but related perspectives: (1) biochemical activity, and (2) role as a component in a larger system/process. GO:0005554 molecular function molecular_function GO:0003674 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the molecular function ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose molecular function is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the molecular function of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code "no data" (ND), is used to indicate this. Despite its name, this is not a type of 'function' in the sense typically defined by upper ontologies such as Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It is instead a BFO:process carried out by a single gene product or complex. molecular_function A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. These actions are described from two distinct but related perspectives: (1) biochemical activity, and (2) role as a component in a larger system/process. GOC:pdt Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). GO:0043566 plasmid binding molecular_function microtubule/chromatin interaction structure specific DNA binding structure-specific DNA binding GO:0003677 DNA binding Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:tb GOC:vw A protein or a member of a complex that interacts selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within the regulatory region of a gene to modulate transcription. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons. kchris 2010-10-21T04:37:54Z GO:0000130 GO:0001071 nucleic acid binding transcription factor activity transcription factor activity DNA binding transcription factor activity gene-specific transcription factor activity sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity molecular_function GO:0003700 Changed definition see https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15704 DNA-binding transcription factor activity A protein or a member of a complex that interacts selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within the regulatory region of a gene to modulate transcription. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons. GOC:txnOH-2018 Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA molecule or a portion thereof. GO:0044822 Reactome:REACT_101703 Reactome:REACT_103323 Reactome:REACT_106430 Reactome:REACT_107757 Reactome:REACT_108232 Reactome:REACT_108368 Reactome:REACT_109723 Reactome:REACT_12458 Reactome:REACT_29965 Reactome:REACT_77167 Reactome:REACT_78197 Reactome:REACT_87164 Reactome:REACT_89329 Reactome:REACT_90531 Reactome:REACT_98683 molecular_function poly(A) RNA binding poly(A)-RNA binding poly-A RNA binding GO:0003723 RNA binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA molecule or a portion thereof. GOC:jl GOC:mah Reactome:REACT_101703 Exportin-5 recognizes 3' overhang of pre-miRNA, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_103323 Exportin-5 recognizes 3' overhang of pre-miRNA, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_106430 Exportin-5 recognizes 3' overhang of pre-miRNA, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_107757 Exportin-5 recognizes 3' overhang of pre-miRNA, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_108232 Exportin-5 recognizes 3' overhang of pre-miRNA, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_108368 Exportin-5 recognizes 3' overhang of pre-miRNA, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_109723 Exportin-5 recognizes 3' overhang of pre-miRNA, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_12458 Exportin-5 recognizes 3' overhang of pre-miRNA, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_29965 Exportin-5 recognizes 3' overhang of pre-miRNA, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_77167 Exportin-5 recognizes 3' overhang of pre-miRNA, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_78197 Exportin-5 recognizes 3' overhang of pre-miRNA, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_87164 Exportin-5 recognizes 3' overhang of pre-miRNA, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_89329 Exportin-5 recognizes 3' overhang of pre-miRNA, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_90531 Exportin-5 recognizes 3' overhang of pre-miRNA, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_98683 Exportin-5 recognizes 3' overhang of pre-miRNA, Taeniopygia guttata Interacting selectively and non-covalently with messenger RNA (mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. mRNA includes UTR and coding sequences, but does not contain introns. molecular_function GO:0003729 mRNA binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with messenger RNA (mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. mRNA includes UTR and coding sequences, but does not contain introns. GOC:kmv GOC:pr SO:0000234 The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the ribosome. GO:0003736 GO:0003737 GO:0003738 GO:0003739 GO:0003740 GO:0003741 GO:0003742 ribosomal protein molecular_function ribosomal RNA GO:0003735 Note that this term may be used to annotate ribosomal RNAs as well as ribosomal proteins. structural constituent of ribosome The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the ribosome. GOC:mah Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate. hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, acting on GTP, involved in cellular and subcellular movement RHEA:19669 Reactome:REACT_100432 Reactome:REACT_100708 Reactome:REACT_101121 Reactome:REACT_101520 Reactome:REACT_101563 Reactome:REACT_101678 Reactome:REACT_102040 Reactome:REACT_102208 Reactome:REACT_102307 Reactome:REACT_102371 Reactome:REACT_102510 Reactome:REACT_102532 Reactome:REACT_103518 Reactome:REACT_104081 Reactome:REACT_104477 Reactome:REACT_104739 Reactome:REACT_105323 Reactome:REACT_105697 Reactome:REACT_105708 Reactome:REACT_105854 Reactome:REACT_106121 Reactome:REACT_106217 Reactome:REACT_106301 Reactome:REACT_106528 Reactome:REACT_107176 Reactome:REACT_107306 Reactome:REACT_107730 Reactome:REACT_107820 Reactome:REACT_108363 Reactome:REACT_108653 Reactome:REACT_108825 Reactome:REACT_108837 Reactome:REACT_109360 Reactome:REACT_109897 Reactome:REACT_110131 Reactome:REACT_110443 Reactome:REACT_110557 Reactome:REACT_110859 Reactome:REACT_110879 Reactome:REACT_110931 Reactome:REACT_111994 Reactome:REACT_112104 Reactome:REACT_112254 Reactome:REACT_112389 Reactome:REACT_112587 Reactome:REACT_112651 Reactome:REACT_112671 Reactome:REACT_113058 Reactome:REACT_113209 Reactome:REACT_113727 Reactome:REACT_113832 Reactome:REACT_113952 Reactome:REACT_113954 Reactome:REACT_114148 Reactome:REACT_114153 Reactome:REACT_114188 Reactome:REACT_114210 Reactome:REACT_114331 Reactome:REACT_114379 Reactome:REACT_114384 Reactome:REACT_114532 Reactome:REACT_114620 Reactome:REACT_114824 Reactome:REACT_115229 Reactome:REACT_115324 Reactome:REACT_12396 Reactome:REACT_12397 Reactome:REACT_12456 Reactome:REACT_12612 Reactome:REACT_15316 Reactome:REACT_15335 Reactome:REACT_15449 Reactome:REACT_15495 Reactome:REACT_19123 Reactome:REACT_19178 Reactome:REACT_19186 Reactome:REACT_19194 Reactome:REACT_19219 Reactome:REACT_19255 Reactome:REACT_19317 Reactome:REACT_22359 Reactome:REACT_28065 Reactome:REACT_28251 Reactome:REACT_28269 Reactome:REACT_29162 Reactome:REACT_30456 Reactome:REACT_30463 Reactome:REACT_30562 Reactome:REACT_30687 Reactome:REACT_30707 Reactome:REACT_30942 Reactome:REACT_31226 Reactome:REACT_31474 Reactome:REACT_31530 Reactome:REACT_31599 Reactome:REACT_31709 Reactome:REACT_31727 Reactome:REACT_31850 Reactome:REACT_32006 Reactome:REACT_32028 Reactome:REACT_32914 Reactome:REACT_33948 Reactome:REACT_34113 Reactome:REACT_34480 Reactome:REACT_34592 Reactome:REACT_34735 Reactome:REACT_348 Reactome:REACT_36834 Reactome:REACT_37542 Reactome:REACT_552 Reactome:REACT_6171 Reactome:REACT_712 Reactome:REACT_75799 Reactome:REACT_77032 Reactome:REACT_77303 Reactome:REACT_78069 Reactome:REACT_78231 Reactome:REACT_78653 Reactome:REACT_78945 Reactome:REACT_79558 Reactome:REACT_79620 Reactome:REACT_80275 Reactome:REACT_80612 Reactome:REACT_81304 Reactome:REACT_81448 Reactome:REACT_81580 Reactome:REACT_81664 Reactome:REACT_81879 Reactome:REACT_82203 Reactome:REACT_82263 Reactome:REACT_82457 Reactome:REACT_82603 Reactome:REACT_82704 Reactome:REACT_83308 Reactome:REACT_83403 Reactome:REACT_83440 Reactome:REACT_83730 Reactome:REACT_84204 Reactome:REACT_84553 Reactome:REACT_84696 Reactome:REACT_84712 Reactome:REACT_84735 Reactome:REACT_85008 Reactome:REACT_85418 Reactome:REACT_85769 Reactome:REACT_85972 Reactome:REACT_86227 Reactome:REACT_86358 Reactome:REACT_86400 Reactome:REACT_86630 Reactome:REACT_86760 Reactome:REACT_86972 Reactome:REACT_87409 Reactome:REACT_87506 Reactome:REACT_87558 Reactome:REACT_87653 Reactome:REACT_87661 Reactome:REACT_88045 Reactome:REACT_88357 Reactome:REACT_89231 Reactome:REACT_89292 Reactome:REACT_89416 Reactome:REACT_89668 Reactome:REACT_89763 Reactome:REACT_90050 Reactome:REACT_90064 Reactome:REACT_90517 Reactome:REACT_90703 Reactome:REACT_91199 Reactome:REACT_91588 Reactome:REACT_92176 Reactome:REACT_92197 Reactome:REACT_92198 Reactome:REACT_92450 Reactome:REACT_93249 Reactome:REACT_93305 Reactome:REACT_93641 Reactome:REACT_93742 Reactome:REACT_93772 Reactome:REACT_94019 Reactome:REACT_94095 Reactome:REACT_94305 Reactome:REACT_94760 Reactome:REACT_95238 Reactome:REACT_95563 Reactome:REACT_96019 Reactome:REACT_96132 Reactome:REACT_96223 Reactome:REACT_96612 Reactome:REACT_96881 Reactome:REACT_97284 Reactome:REACT_97405 Reactome:REACT_97595 Reactome:REACT_97794 Reactome:REACT_98431 Reactome:REACT_98556 Reactome:REACT_98837 Reactome:REACT_98859 Reactome:REACT_99479 Reactome:REACT_99533 Reactome:REACT_99616 ARF small monomeric GTPase activity RHEB small monomeric GTPase activity Rab small monomeric GTPase activity Ran small monomeric GTPase activity Ras small monomeric GTPase activity Rho small monomeric GTPase activity Sar small monomeric GTPase activity dynamin GTPase activity heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase activity protein-synthesizing GTPase activity protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, elongation protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, initiation protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, termination signal-recognition-particle GTPase activity small monomeric GTPase activity tubulin GTPase activity molecular_function heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, alpha-subunit heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, beta-subunit heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, gamma-subunit GO:0003924 GTPase activity Reactome:REACT_106301 Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_106528 trans-Golgi Network Lysosomal Vesicle Scission, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_107176 G alpha (z) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_107306 G alpha (q) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_107730 G alpha (z) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_107820 Adenylaye cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_108363 G alpha (q) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_108653 G-protein alpha subunit is inactivated, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_108825 Adenylaye cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_108837 trans-Golgi Network Vesicle Scission, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_109360 G alpha (12/13) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_109897 Adenylaye cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_110131 G alpha (i) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_110443 G alpha (12/13) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_110557 trans-Golgi Network Vesicle Scission, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_110859 G alpha (s) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_110879 G-protein alpha subunit is inactivated, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_110931 G-protein alpha subunit is inactivated, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_111994 G alpha (z) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_112104 Endocytosis (internalization) of clathrin-coated vesicle, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_112254 Endocytosis (internalization) of clathrin-coated vesicle, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_112389 Disassembly of COPII coated vesicle, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_112587 trans-Golgi Network Vesicle Scission, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_112651 Vesicle Uncoating, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_112671 Vesicle Uncoating, Plasmodium falciparum Reactome:REACT_113058 G alpha (s) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_113209 G alpha (z) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_113727 G alpha (q) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_113832 Formation of clathrin coated vesicle, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_113952 Formation of clathrin coated vesicle, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_113954 Endocytosis (internalization) of clathrin-coated vesicle, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_114148 G alpha (q) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_114153 Loss of Sar1b GTPase, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_114188 Formation of clathrin coated vesicle, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_114210 G-protein alpha subunit is inactivated, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_114331 trans-Golgi Network Vesicle Scission, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_114379 Formation of clathrin coated vesicle, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_114384 Hydrolysis of eEF1A:GTP, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_114532 Formation of clathrin coated vesicle, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_114620 Endocytosis (internalization) of clathrin-coated vesicle, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_114824 trans-Golgi Network Lysosomal Vesicle Scission, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_115229 G alpha (s) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_115324 Endocytosis (internalization) of clathrin-coated vesicle, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_12396 Loss of Sar1b GTPase, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_12397 Endocytosis (internalization) of clathrin-coated vesicle, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_12456 Vesicle Uncoating, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_12612 Endocytosis of clathrin-coated vesicle, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_15316 G-protein alpha subunit is inactivated, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_15335 Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_15449 Adenylaye cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_15495 Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of Gi alpha, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_19123 G alpha (12/13) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_19178 G alpha (z) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_19186 G alpha (q) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_19194 trans-Golgi Network Lysosomal Vesicle Scission, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_19219 G alpha (i) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_19255 trans-Golgi Network Vesicle Scission, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_19317 G alpha (i)1 auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_22359 Formation of clathrin coated vesicle, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_28065 Vesicle Uncoating, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_28251 Hydrolysis of eEF1A:GTP, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_28269 Adenylaye cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_29162 trans-Golgi Network Lysosomal Vesicle Scission, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_30456 Hydrolysis of eEF1A:GTP, Plasmodium falciparum Reactome:REACT_30463 Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_30562 Endocytosis (internalization) of clathrin-coated vesicle, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_30687 G-protein alpha subunit is inactivated, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_30707 trans-Golgi Network Vesicle Scission, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_30942 Vesicle Uncoating, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_31226 G alpha (s) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_31474 Formation of clathrin coated vesicle, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_31530 Adenylaye cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_31599 trans-Golgi Network Lysosomal Vesicle Scission, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_31709 Hydrolysis of eEF1A:GTP, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_31727 Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_31850 G alpha (q) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_32006 Loss of Sar1b GTPase, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_32028 G alpha (s) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_32914 Vesicle Uncoating, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_33948 trans-Golgi Network Lysosomal Vesicle Scission, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_34113 Vesicle Uncoating, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_34480 G-protein alpha subunit is inactivated, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_34592 G alpha (i) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_34735 Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of Gi alpha, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_348 G alpha (s) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_36834 trans-Golgi Network Lysosomal Vesicle Scission, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_37542 G alpha (i) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_552 Hydrolysis of eEF1A:GTP, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6171 Hydrolysis of Ran:GTP to Ran:GDP, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_712 Hydrolysis of reEF1A:GTP, Oryctolagus cuniculus Reactome:REACT_75799 Disassembly of COPII coated vesicle, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_77032 Hydrolysis of eEF1A:GTP, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_77303 G alpha (q) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_78069 G alpha (12/13) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_78231 G alpha (s) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_78653 Adenylaye cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_78945 G-protein alpha subunit is inactivated, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_79558 G alpha (i) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_79620 Adenylaye cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_80275 G alpha (s) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_80612 G alpha (q) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_81304 Loss of Sar1b GTPase, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_81448 Endocytosis (internalization) of clathrin-coated vesicle, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_81580 Disassembly of COPII coated vesicle, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_81664 G alpha (q) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_81879 Vesicle Uncoating, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_82203 Formation of clathrin coated vesicle, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_82263 G-protein alpha subunit is inactivated, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_82457 G alpha (12/13) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_82603 G alpha (s) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_82704 Loss of Sar1b GTPase, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_83308 Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_83403 G-protein alpha subunit is inactivated, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_83440 Hydrolysis of eEF1A:GTP, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_83730 Loss of Sar1b GTPase, Plasmodium falciparum Reactome:REACT_84204 Endocytosis (internalization) of clathrin-coated vesicle, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_84553 Vesicle Uncoating, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_84696 G-protein alpha subunit is inactivated, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_84712 Hydrolysis of eEF1A:GTP, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_84735 G alpha (12/13) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_85008 Vesicle Uncoating, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_85418 Loss of Sar1b GTPase, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_85769 Disassembly of COPII coated vesicle, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_85972 Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_86227 G alpha (s) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_86358 trans-Golgi Network Lysosomal Vesicle Scission, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_86400 G alpha (12/13) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_86630 Vesicle Uncoating, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_86760 Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_86972 Loss of Sar1b GTPase, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_87409 G alpha (z) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_87506 Formation of clathrin coated vesicle, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_87558 G alpha (z) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_87653 Endocytosis (internalization) of clathrin-coated vesicle, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_87661 Formation of clathrin coated vesicle, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_88045 Vesicle Uncoating, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_88357 G alpha (z) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_89231 Loss of Sar1b GTPase, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_89292 G alpha (12/13) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_89416 G alpha (i) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_89668 trans-Golgi Network Lysosomal Vesicle Scission, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_89763 Vesicle Uncoating, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_90050 G alpha (q) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_90064 Hydrolysis of eEF1A:GTP, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_90517 G alpha (s) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_90703 G-protein alpha subunit is inactivated, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_91199 Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of Gi alpha, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_91588 trans-Golgi Network Vesicle Scission, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_92176 Endocytosis (internalization) of clathrin-coated vesicle, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_92197 G alpha (12/13) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_92198 Loss of Sar1b GTPase, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_92450 G alpha (12/13) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_93249 G alpha (q) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_93305 Loss of Sar1b GTPase, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_93641 G alpha (s) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_93742 G-protein alpha subunit is inactivated, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_93772 G alpha (z) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_94019 G alpha (s) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_94095 trans-Golgi Network Vesicle Scission, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_94305 Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of Gi alpha, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_94760 Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of Gi alpha, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_95238 Adenylaye cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_95563 Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of Gi alpha, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_96019 Loss of Sar1b GTPase, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_96132 G alpha (12/13) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_96223 G alpha (z) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_96612 Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of Gi alpha, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_96881 Adenylaye cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_97284 Loss of Sar1b GTPase, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_97405 Adenylaye cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_97595 G alpha (i) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_97794 Loss of Sar1b GTPase, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_98431 Formation of clathrin coated vesicle, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_98556 Vesicle Uncoating, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_98837 G alpha (i) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_98859 Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of Gi alpha, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_99479 G alpha (12/13) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_99533 G alpha (q) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_99616 Formation of clathrin coated vesicle, Mus musculus Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate. ISBN:0198547684 Reactome:REACT_100432 trans-Golgi Network Vesicle Scission, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_100708 G alpha (q) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_101121 trans-Golgi Network Vesicle Scission, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_101520 G alpha (s) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_101563 Loss of Sar1b GTPase, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_101678 G-protein alpha subunit is inactivated, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_102040 Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_102208 Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_102307 Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of Gi alpha, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_102371 Vesicle Uncoating, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_102510 trans-Golgi Network Vesicle Scission, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_102532 Loss of Sar1b GTPase, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_103518 trans-Golgi Network Lysosomal Vesicle Scission, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_104081 G alpha (i) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_104477 G alpha (12/13) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_104739 Loss of Sar1b GTPase, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_105323 trans-Golgi Network Vesicle Scission, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_105697 G-protein alpha subunit is inactivated, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_105708 G alpha (q) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_105854 G alpha (q) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_106121 Vesicle Uncoating, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_106217 Hydrolysis of eEF1A:GTP, Dictyostelium discoideum Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + H2O = NDP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA or RNA helix. Reactome:REACT_101111 Reactome:REACT_101247 Reactome:REACT_101622 Reactome:REACT_101644 Reactome:REACT_101823 Reactome:REACT_101994 Reactome:REACT_102121 Reactome:REACT_102441 Reactome:REACT_102560 Reactome:REACT_1033 Reactome:REACT_103861 Reactome:REACT_103881 Reactome:REACT_103897 Reactome:REACT_103959 Reactome:REACT_104221 Reactome:REACT_105950 Reactome:REACT_106346 Reactome:REACT_107072 Reactome:REACT_107495 Reactome:REACT_108159 Reactome:REACT_108648 Reactome:REACT_108654 Reactome:REACT_109035 Reactome:REACT_109161 Reactome:REACT_110588 Reactome:REACT_110827 Reactome:REACT_110845 Reactome:REACT_112208 Reactome:REACT_112817 Reactome:REACT_113177 Reactome:REACT_1521 Reactome:REACT_1817 Reactome:REACT_1844 Reactome:REACT_28131 Reactome:REACT_28343 Reactome:REACT_28810 Reactome:REACT_28880 Reactome:REACT_29155 Reactome:REACT_29217 Reactome:REACT_29818 Reactome:REACT_29850 Reactome:REACT_30013 Reactome:REACT_30989 Reactome:REACT_31034 Reactome:REACT_31090 Reactome:REACT_31554 Reactome:REACT_32533 Reactome:REACT_33205 Reactome:REACT_34016 Reactome:REACT_34089 Reactome:REACT_34560 Reactome:REACT_40 Reactome:REACT_6134 Reactome:REACT_6184 Reactome:REACT_6325 Reactome:REACT_6758 Reactome:REACT_6768 Reactome:REACT_6853 Reactome:REACT_6922 Reactome:REACT_78086 Reactome:REACT_78462 Reactome:REACT_78667 Reactome:REACT_78771 Reactome:REACT_79759 Reactome:REACT_80107 Reactome:REACT_80325 Reactome:REACT_80500 Reactome:REACT_80532 Reactome:REACT_80605 Reactome:REACT_81126 Reactome:REACT_81335 Reactome:REACT_81427 Reactome:REACT_81441 Reactome:REACT_81682 Reactome:REACT_82776 Reactome:REACT_83794 Reactome:REACT_84565 Reactome:REACT_84574 Reactome:REACT_84809 Reactome:REACT_84907 Reactome:REACT_85111 Reactome:REACT_85172 Reactome:REACT_86220 Reactome:REACT_88362 Reactome:REACT_89000 Reactome:REACT_89030 Reactome:REACT_89363 Reactome:REACT_89694 Reactome:REACT_91822 Reactome:REACT_93391 Reactome:REACT_93711 Reactome:REACT_94645 Reactome:REACT_94679 Reactome:REACT_95942 Reactome:REACT_95993 Reactome:REACT_98273 Reactome:REACT_98302 Reactome:REACT_98745 Reactome:REACT_99120 molecular_function GO:0004386 Note that most helicases catalyze processive duplex unwinding. helicase activity Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + H2O = NDP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA or RNA helix. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:REACT_101111 Addition of the third nucleotide on the nascent transcript, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_101247 Formation of open bubble structure in DNA by helicases, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_101622 MCM8 mediated fork unwinding, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_101644 Formation of open bubble structure in DNA by helicases, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_101823 MCM2-7 mediated fork unwinding, Plasmodium falciparum Reactome:REACT_101994 Addition of the fourth nucleotide on the Nascent Transcript: Second Transition, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_102121 Addition of the third nucleotide on the nascent transcript, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_102441 Addition of the fourth nucleotide on the Nascent Transcript: Second Transition, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_102560 MCM2-7 mediated fork unwinding, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_1033 Formation of open bubble structure in DNA by helicases, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_103861 MCM8 mediated fork unwinding, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_103881 RNA Polymerase II Promoter Opening: First Transition, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_103897 MCM8 mediated fork unwinding, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_103959 Addition of the fourth nucleotide on the Nascent Transcript: Second Transition, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_104221 MCM2-7 mediated fork unwinding, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_105950 MCM2-7 mediated fork unwinding, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_106346 Formation of open bubble structure in DNA by helicases, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_107072 Formation of open bubble structure in DNA by helicases, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_107495 RNA Polymerase II Promoter Opening: First Transition, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_108159 Addition of the fourth nucleotide on the Nascent Transcript: Second Transition, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_108648 Addition of the third nucleotide on the nascent transcript, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_108654 MCM2-7 mediated fork unwinding, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_109035 RNA Polymerase II Promoter Opening: First Transition, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_109161 Addition of the fourth nucleotide on the Nascent Transcript: Second Transition, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_110588 MCM8 mediated fork unwinding, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_110827 Formation of open bubble structure in DNA by helicases, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_110845 Cap-bound mRNA is activated by helicases, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_112208 MCM8 mediated fork unwinding, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_112817 Cap-bound mRNA is activated by helicases, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_113177 Formation of open bubble structure in DNA by helicases, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_1521 Cap-bound mRNA is activated by helicases, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_1817 Addition of the fourth nucleotide on the Nascent Transcript: Second Transition, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_1844 RNA Polymerase II Promoter Opening: First Transition, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_28131 Addition of the fourth nucleotide on the Nascent Transcript: Second Transition, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_28343 MCM2-7 mediated fork unwinding, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_28810 Addition of the third nucleotide on the nascent transcript, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_28880 MCM2-7 mediated fork unwinding, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_29155 Addition of the third nucleotide on the nascent transcript, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_29217 Formation of open bubble structure in DNA by helicases, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_29818 Addition of the fourth nucleotide on the Nascent Transcript: Second Transition, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_29850 RNA Polymerase II Promoter Opening: First Transition, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_30013 MCM8 mediated fork unwinding, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_30989 MCM8 mediated fork unwinding, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_31034 Cap-bound mRNA is activated by helicases, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_31090 MCM2-7 mediated fork unwinding, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_31554 Addition of the fourth nucleotide on the Nascent Transcript: Second Transition, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_32533 Addition of the fourth nucleotide on the Nascent Transcript: Second Transition, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_33205 MCM8 mediated fork unwinding, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_34016 Formation of open bubble structure in DNA by helicases, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_34089 MCM2-7 mediated fork unwinding, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_34560 MCM8 mediated fork unwinding, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_40 Addition of the third nucleotide on the nascent transcript, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6134 HIV-1 Promoter Opening: First Transition, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6184 Addition of the fourth nucleotide on the nascent HIV-1 transcript: Second Transition, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6325 Addition of the third nucleotide on the nascent HIV-1 transcript, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6758 Xenopus Mcm8 mediated fork unwinding, Xenopus laevis Reactome:REACT_6768 MCM8 mediated fork unwinding, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6853 Yeast Mcm2-7 mediated fork unwinding, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_6922 MCM2-7 mediated fork unwinding, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_78086 RNA Polymerase II Promoter Opening: First Transition, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_78462 Formation of open bubble structure in DNA by helicases, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_78667 MCM2-7 mediated fork unwinding, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_78771 MCM8 mediated fork unwinding, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_79759 Addition of the fourth nucleotide on the Nascent Transcript: Second Transition, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_80107 RNA Polymerase II Promoter Opening: First Transition, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_80325 Addition of the fourth nucleotide on the Nascent Transcript: Second Transition, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_80500 MCM8 mediated fork unwinding, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_80532 Addition of the third nucleotide on the nascent transcript, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_80605 Addition of the third nucleotide on the nascent transcript, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_81126 Addition of the third nucleotide on the nascent transcript, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_81335 RNA Polymerase II Promoter Opening: First Transition, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_81427 MCM8 mediated fork unwinding, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_81441 MCM8 mediated fork unwinding, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_81682 Formation of open bubble structure in DNA by helicases, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_82776 RNA Polymerase II Promoter Opening: First Transition, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_83794 Formation of open bubble structure in DNA by helicases, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_84565 Formation of open bubble structure in DNA by helicases, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_84574 Cap-bound mRNA is activated by helicases, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_84809 MCM2-7 mediated fork unwinding, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_84907 MCM2-7 mediated fork unwinding, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_85111 Cap-bound mRNA is activated by helicases, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_85172 MCM2-7 mediated fork unwinding, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_86220 MCM2-7 mediated fork unwinding, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_88362 Addition of the third nucleotide on the nascent transcript, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_89000 MCM2-7 mediated fork unwinding, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_89030 Formation of open bubble structure in DNA by helicases, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_89363 Addition of the third nucleotide on the nascent transcript, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_89694 RNA Polymerase II Promoter Opening: First Transition, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_91822 MCM8 mediated fork unwinding, Plasmodium falciparum Reactome:REACT_93391 RNA Polymerase II Promoter Opening: First Transition, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_93711 RNA Polymerase II Promoter Opening: First Transition, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_94645 RNA Polymerase II Promoter Opening: First Transition, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_94679 RNA Polymerase II Promoter Opening: First Transition, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_95942 Addition of the fourth nucleotide on the Nascent Transcript: Second Transition, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_95993 Formation of open bubble structure in DNA by helicases, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_98273 Addition of the third nucleotide on the nascent transcript, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_98302 Formation of open bubble structure in DNA by helicases, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_98745 Cap-bound mRNA is activated by helicases, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_99120 Addition of the third nucleotide on the nascent transcript, Danio rerio Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids. EC:3.1 molecular_function GO:0004518 Note that 'tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity ; GO:0009022', also known as 'ribonuclease PH', and 'DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase activity ; GO:0003906' do not have parentage in the 'nuclease activity' branch of the ontology because both GO and the Enzyme Commission define nuclease activity as a type of hydrolysis. nuclease activity Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids. ISBN:0198547684 The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex or its assembly within or outside a cell. molecular_function GO:0005198 structural molecule activity The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex or its assembly within or outside a cell. GOC:mah GOC:vw A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine when it carries out a molecular function. There are two ways in which the gene ontology describes locations of gene products: (1) relative to cellular structures (e.g., cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane) or compartments (e.g., mitochondrion), and (2) the stable macromolecular complexes of which they are parts (e.g., the ribosome). GO:0008372 NIF_Subcellular:sao-1337158144 NIF_Subcellular:sao1337158144 cell or subcellular entity cellular component cellular_component subcellular entity GO:0005575 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the cellular component ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose cellular component is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the cellular component of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code "no data" (ND), is used to indicate this. cellular_component A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine when it carries out a molecular function. There are two ways in which the gene ontology describes locations of gene products: (1) relative to cellular structures (e.g., cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane) or compartments (e.g., mitochondrion), and (2) the stable macromolecular complexes of which they are parts (e.g., the ribosome). GOC:pdt NIF_Subcellular:sao-1337158144 subcellular entity NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_100315 The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. Wikipedia:Extracellular extracellular cellular_component GO:0005576 Note that this term is intended to annotate gene products that are not attached to the cell surface. For gene products from multicellular organisms which are secreted from a cell but retained within the organism (i.e. released into the interstitial fluid or blood), consider the cellular component term 'extracellular space ; GO:0005615'. extracellular region The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. GOC:go_curators That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. NIF_Subcellular:sao1425028079 cellular_component intercellular space GO:0005615 Note that for multicellular organisms, the extracellular space refers to everything outside a cell, but still within the organism (excluding the extracellular matrix). Gene products from a multi-cellular organism that are secreted from a cell into the interstitial fluid or blood can therefore be annotated to this term. extracellular space That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. ISBN:0198547684 The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins. Wikipedia:Cell_wall cellular_component GO:0005618 cell wall The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins. GOC:giardia ISBN:0198547684 PMID:15134259 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_cyst The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. Wikipedia:Intracellular internal to cell protoplasm cellular_component nucleocytoplasm protoplast GO:0005622 intracellular The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. ISBN:0198506732 nucleocytoplasm GOC:mah protoplast GOC:mah The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. cell and encapsulating structures NIF_Subcellular:sao1813327414 Wikipedia:Cell_(biology) cellular_component GO:0005623 cell The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. GOC:go_curators A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. NIF_Subcellular:sao1702920020 Wikipedia:Cell_nucleus cell nucleus horsetail nucleus cellular_component GO:0005634 nucleus A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. GOC:go_curators horsetail nucleus GOC:al GOC:mah GOC:vw PMID:15030757 The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space). GO:0005636 Wikipedia:Nuclear_envelope cellular_component GO:0005635 nuclear envelope The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space). ISBN:0198547684 That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. NIF_Subcellular:sao661522542 Wikipedia:Nucleoplasm cellular_component GO:0005654 nucleoplasm That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. GOC:ma ISBN:0124325653 A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information. Wikipedia:Chromosome interphase chromosome prophase chromosome cellular_component chromatid GO:0005694 Chromosomes include parts that are not part of the chromatin. Examples include the kinetochore. chromosome A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information. ISBN:0198547684 A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. NIF_Subcellular:sao1820400233 Wikipedia:Nucleolus cellular_component GO:0005730 nucleolus A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. ISBN:0198506732 All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. Wikipedia:Cytoplasm cellular_component GO:0005737 cytoplasm All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. ISBN:0198547684 A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. NIF_Subcellular:sao1860313010 Wikipedia:Mitochondrion mitochondria cellular_component GO:0005739 Some anaerobic or microaerophilic organisms (e.g. Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis and several Microsporidia species) do not have mitochondria, and contain mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs) instead, called mitosomes or hydrogenosomes, very likely derived from mitochondria. To annotate gene products located in these mitochondrial relics in species such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis or others, please use GO:0032047 'mitosome' or GO:0042566 'hydrogenosome'. (See PMID:24316280 for a list of species currently known to contain mitochondrion-related organelles.) mitochondrion A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. GOC:giardia ISBN:0198506732 A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology and is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions. NIF_Subcellular:sao585356902 Wikipedia:Lysosome cellular_component GO:0005764 lysosome A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology and is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered. NIF_Subcellular:sao1720343330 Wikipedia:Endosome cellular_component GO:0005768 endosome A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered. ISBN:0198506732 PMID:19696797 A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol. Wikipedia:Vacuole cellular_component vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y GO:0005773 vacuole A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol. GOC:mtg_sensu ISBN:0198506732 A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism. GO:0019818 peroxisome vesicle NIF_Subcellular:sao499555322 Wikipedia:Peroxisome cellular_component peroxisomal GO:0005777 peroxisome A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism. GOC:pm PMID:9302272 UniProtKB-KW:KW-0576 peroxisomal GOC:curators The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). NIF_Subcellular:sao1036339110 Wikipedia:Endoplasmic_reticulum ER cellular_component GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). ISBN:0198506732 A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions. Golgi NIF_Subcellular:sao451912436 Wikipedia:Golgi_apparatus Golgi complex Golgi ribbon cellular_component GO:0005794 Note that the Golgi apparatus can be located in various places in the cytoplasm. In plants and lower animal cells, the Golgi apparatus exists as many copies of discrete stacks dispersed throughout the cytoplasm, while the Golgi apparatus of interphase mammalian cells is a juxtanuclear, often pericentriolar reticulum, where the discrete Golgi stacks are stitched together to form a compact and interconnected ribbon, sometimes called the Golgi ribbon. Golgi apparatus A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions. ISBN:0198506732 An intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle comprising a matrix of coalesced lipids surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer. May include associated proteins. adiposome lipid body lipid particle cellular_component GO:0005811 Note that this term does not refer to vesicles, but instead to structures in which lipids do not necessarily form bilayers. lipid droplet An intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle comprising a matrix of coalesced lipids surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer. May include associated proteins. GOC:mah GOC:tb An intracellular structure that can catalyze gamma-tubulin-dependent microtubule nucleation and that can anchor microtubules by interacting with their minus ends, plus ends or sides. Wikipedia:Microtubule_organizing_center MTOC microtubule organising centre cellular_component GO:0005815 microtubule organizing center An intracellular structure that can catalyze gamma-tubulin-dependent microtubule nucleation and that can anchor microtubules by interacting with their minus ends, plus ends or sides. GOC:vw ISBN:0815316194 PMID:17072892 PMID:17245416 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule_organizing_center The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. NIF_Subcellular:sao101633890 Wikipedia:Cytosol cellular_component GO:0005829 cytosol The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. GOC:hjd GOC:jl An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins. GO:0033279 NIF_Subcellular:sao1429207766 Wikipedia:Ribosome free ribosome membrane bound ribosome cellular_component ribosomal RNA GO:0005840 ribosome An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins. ISBN:0198506732 free ribosome NIF_Subcellular:sao1139385046 membrane bound ribosome NIF_Subcellular:sao1291545653 Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. Wikipedia:Cytoskeleton cellular_component GO:0005856 cytoskeleton Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. GOC:mah ISBN:0198547684 PMID:16959967 The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. GO:0005904 juxtamembrane NIF_Subcellular:sao1663586795 Wikipedia:Cell_membrane cell membrane cellular membrane cytoplasmic membrane plasmalemma bacterial inner membrane inner endospore membrane plasma membrane lipid bilayer cellular_component GO:0005886 plasma membrane The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. ISBN:0716731363 cellular membrane NIF_Subcellular:sao6433132645 plasma membrane lipid bilayer GOC:mah A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body. GO:0072372 FMA:67181 NIF_Subcellular:sao787716553 Wikipedia:Cilium eukaryotic flagellum microtubule-based flagellum primary cilium cellular_component flagellum GO:0005929 Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. In most eukaryotic species, intracellular sub-components of the cilium, such as the ciliary base and rootlet, are located near the plasma membrane. In Diplomonads such as Giardia, instead, the same ciliary parts are located further intracellularly. Also, 'cilium' may be used when axonemal structure and/or motility are unknown, or when axonemal structure is unusual. For all other cases, please refer to children of 'cilium'. Finally, note that any role of ciliary proteins in sensory events should be captured by annotating to relevant biological process terms. cilium A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body. GOC:cilia GOC:curators GOC:kmv GOC:vw ISBN:0198547684 PMID:16824949 PMID:17009929 PMID:20144998 The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule. janelomax 2012-10-23T15:40:34Z GO:0044261 GO:0044723 Reactome:REACT_102834 Reactome:REACT_103806 Reactome:REACT_104502 Reactome:REACT_105321 Reactome:REACT_106046 Reactome:REACT_107409 Reactome:REACT_115733 Reactome:REACT_28218 Reactome:REACT_32291 Reactome:REACT_33141 Reactome:REACT_33953 Reactome:REACT_34800 Reactome:REACT_474 Reactome:REACT_77669 Reactome:REACT_81945 Reactome:REACT_83038 Reactome:REACT_83329 Reactome:REACT_88330 Reactome:REACT_88558 Reactome:REACT_90099 Reactome:REACT_96375 Reactome:REACT_98394 Wikipedia:Carbohydrate_metabolism carbohydrate metabolism multicellular organismal carbohydrate metabolic process biological_process single-organism carbohydrate metabolic process GO:0005975 carbohydrate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:REACT_102834 Metabolism of carbohydrates, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_103806 Metabolism of carbohydrates, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reactome:REACT_104502 Metabolism of carbohydrates, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_105321 Metabolism of carbohydrates, Escherichia coli Reactome:REACT_106046 Metabolism of carbohydrates, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_107409 Metabolism of carbohydrates, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_115733 Carbohydrate metabolism, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_28218 Metabolism of carbohydrates, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_32291 Metabolism of carbohydrates, Staphylococcus aureus N315 Reactome:REACT_33141 Metabolism of carbohydrates, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_33953 Metabolism of carbohydrates, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_34800 Metabolism of carbohydrates, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_474 Metabolism of carbohydrates, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_77669 Metabolism of carbohydrates, Plasmodium falciparum Reactome:REACT_81945 Metabolism of carbohydrates, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_83038 Metabolism of carbohydrates, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_83329 Metabolism of carbohydrates, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_88330 Metabolism of carbohydrates, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_88558 Metabolism of carbohydrates, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_90099 Metabolism of carbohydrates, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_96375 Metabolism of carbohydrates, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_98394 Metabolism of carbohydrates, Oryza sativa The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances. energy pathways biological_process intermediary metabolism metabolic energy generation GO:0006091 generation of precursor metabolites and energy The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances. GOC:jl intermediary metabolism GOC:mah Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. GO:0055132 DNA metabolism cellular DNA metabolism biological_process GO:0006259 DNA metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. ISBN:0198506732 Any process involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more mature mRNA(s) prior to translation into polypeptide. Reactome:REACT_100203 Reactome:REACT_107308 Reactome:REACT_109953 Reactome:REACT_113864 Reactome:REACT_114358 Reactome:REACT_115262 Reactome:REACT_1768 Reactome:REACT_32742 Reactome:REACT_33642 Reactome:REACT_82691 Reactome:REACT_90366 Reactome:REACT_91511 Reactome:REACT_93186 Reactome:REACT_94083 Reactome:REACT_96661 Reactome:REACT_97412 Reactome:REACT_97436 biological_process mRNA maturation GO:0006397 mRNA processing Any process involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more mature mRNA(s) prior to translation into polypeptide. GOC:mah Reactome:REACT_100203 Processing of Capped Intronless Pre-mRNA, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_107308 Processing of Capped Intronless Pre-mRNA, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_109953 Processing of Capped Intronless Pre-mRNA, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_113864 Processing of Capped Intronless Pre-mRNA, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_114358 Processing of Capped Intronless Pre-mRNA, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_115262 Processing of Capped Intronless Pre-mRNA, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_1768 Processing of Capped Intronless Pre-mRNA, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_32742 Processing of Capped Intronless Pre-mRNA, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_33642 Processing of Capped Intronless Pre-mRNA, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_82691 Processing of Capped Intronless Pre-mRNA, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_90366 Processing of Capped Intronless Pre-mRNA, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_91511 Processing of Capped Intronless Pre-mRNA, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_93186 Processing of Capped Intronless Pre-mRNA, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_94083 Processing of Capped Intronless Pre-mRNA, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_96661 Processing of Capped Intronless Pre-mRNA, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_97412 Processing of Capped Intronless Pre-mRNA, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_97436 Processing of Capped Intronless Pre-mRNA, Mus musculus The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. Transfer RNA is characterized by the presence of many unusual minor bases, the function of which has not been completely established. tRNA metabolism biological_process GO:0006399 tRNA metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. Transfer RNA is characterized by the presence of many unusual minor bases, the function of which has not been completely established. ISBN:0198506732 The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome. GO:0006416 GO:0006453 GO:0043037 Reactome:REACT_100338 Reactome:REACT_100851 Reactome:REACT_101045 Reactome:REACT_101324 Reactome:REACT_1014 Reactome:REACT_103420 Reactome:REACT_105544 Reactome:REACT_29980 Reactome:REACT_33559 Reactome:REACT_77710 Reactome:REACT_79784 Reactome:REACT_81734 Reactome:REACT_81833 Reactome:REACT_82171 Reactome:REACT_83429 Reactome:REACT_83530 Reactome:REACT_86996 Reactome:REACT_95535 Reactome:REACT_96394 Wikipedia:Translation_(genetics) protein anabolism protein biosynthesis protein biosynthetic process protein formation protein synthesis protein translation biological_process GO:0006412 translation The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome. GOC:go_curators Reactome:REACT_100338 Translation, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_100851 Translation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_101045 Translation, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_101324 Translation, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_1014 Translation, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_103420 Translation, Plasmodium falciparum Reactome:REACT_105544 Translation, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_29980 Translation, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_33559 Translation, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_77710 Translation, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_79784 Translation, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_81734 Translation, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_81833 Translation, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_82171 Translation, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_83429 Translation, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_83530 Translation, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_86996 Translation, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_95535 Translation, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_96394 Translation, Escherichia coli protein biosynthetic process GOC:curators The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure. GO:0007022 GO:0007024 GO:0007025 Reactome:REACT_100411 Reactome:REACT_104912 Reactome:REACT_105663 Reactome:REACT_106009 Reactome:REACT_106427 Reactome:REACT_106894 Reactome:REACT_106927 Reactome:REACT_107029 Reactome:REACT_108248 Reactome:REACT_109411 Reactome:REACT_110417 Reactome:REACT_16956 Reactome:REACT_17001 Reactome:REACT_17004 Reactome:REACT_17056 Reactome:REACT_23878 Reactome:REACT_30906 Reactome:REACT_32155 Reactome:REACT_32255 Reactome:REACT_33395 Reactome:REACT_77627 Reactome:REACT_77963 Reactome:REACT_78530 Reactome:REACT_81155 Reactome:REACT_83906 Reactome:REACT_85492 Reactome:REACT_85496 Reactome:REACT_86318 Reactome:REACT_91676 Reactome:REACT_92785 Reactome:REACT_92961 Reactome:REACT_92981 Reactome:REACT_94123 Reactome:REACT_94443 Reactome:REACT_94772 Reactome:REACT_96773 Reactome:REACT_97016 Reactome:REACT_97220 Reactome:REACT_98132 Wikipedia:Protein_folding alpha-tubulin folding beta-tubulin folding chaperonin-mediated tubulin folding biological_process chaperone activity chaperonin ATPase activity co-chaperone activity co-chaperonin activity glycoprotein-specific chaperone activity non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase activity protein complex assembly, multichaperone pathway GO:0006457 protein folding The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure. GOC:go_curators GOC:rb Reactome:REACT_100411 Chaperonin-mediated protein folding, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_104912 Chaperonin-mediated protein folding, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_105663 Chaperonin-mediated protein folding, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_106009 Chaperonin-mediated protein folding, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_106427 Chaperonin-mediated protein folding, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_106894 Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_106927 Chaperonin-mediated protein folding, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_107029 Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_108248 Chaperonin-mediated protein folding, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_109411 Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_110417 Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_16956 Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_17001 Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_17004 Chaperonin-mediated protein folding, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_17056 Cooperation of Prefoldin and TriC/CCT in actin and tubulin folding, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_23878 N-glycan trimming in the ER and Calnexin/Calreticulin cycle, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_30906 Chaperonin-mediated protein folding, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_32155 Chaperonin-mediated protein folding, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_32255 Chaperonin-mediated protein folding, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_33395 Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_77627 Chaperonin-mediated protein folding, Plasmodium falciparum Reactome:REACT_77963 Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_78530 Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_81155 Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_83906 Chaperonin-mediated protein folding, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_85492 Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_85496 Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC, Plasmodium falciparum Reactome:REACT_86318 Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_91676 Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_92785 Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_92961 Chaperonin-mediated protein folding, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_92981 Chaperonin-mediated protein folding, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_94123 Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_94443 Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_94772 Chaperonin-mediated protein folding, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_96773 Chaperonin-mediated protein folding, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_97016 Chaperonin-mediated protein folding, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_97220 Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_98132 Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC, Oryza sativa alpha-tubulin folding GOC:mah beta-tubulin folding GOC:mah chaperonin-mediated tubulin folding GOC:mah The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications) occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). protein modification process biological_process process resulting in protein modification protein tagging activity GO:0006464 cellular protein modification process The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications) occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). GOC:go_curators protein modification process GOC:bf GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups, as carried out by individual cells. GO:0006519 Reactome:REACT_116093 amino acid and derivative metabolism amino acid metabolic process cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process cellular amino acid metabolism biological_process GO:0006520 cellular amino acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups, as carried out by individual cells. CHEBI:33709 GOC:curators ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:REACT_116093 Amino acid metabolism, Gallus gallus amino acid and derivative metabolism GOC:curators amino acid metabolic process GOC:curators The process of targeting specific proteins to particular regions of the cell, typically membrane-bounded subcellular organelles. Usually requires an organelle specific protein sequence motif. Wikipedia:Protein_targeting protein sorting along secretory pathway biological_process nascent polypeptide association GO:0006605 Note that protein targeting encompasses the transport of the protein to the specified location, and may also include additional steps such as protein processing. protein targeting The process of targeting specific proteins to particular regions of the cell, typically membrane-bounded subcellular organelles. Usually requires an organelle specific protein sequence motif. GOC:ma The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids. Reactome:REACT_104930 Reactome:REACT_107479 Reactome:REACT_108775 Reactome:REACT_114669 Reactome:REACT_115652 Reactome:REACT_28745 Reactome:REACT_31395 Reactome:REACT_32539 Reactome:REACT_33836 Reactome:REACT_602 Reactome:REACT_77176 Reactome:REACT_77191 Reactome:REACT_79244 Reactome:REACT_81778 Reactome:REACT_82512 Reactome:REACT_82723 Reactome:REACT_87884 Reactome:REACT_90757 Reactome:REACT_94607 Reactome:REACT_97906 Reactome:REACT_98129 Reactome:REACT_99706 Wikipedia:Lipid_metabolism lipid metabolism biological_process GO:0006629 lipid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids. GOC:ma Reactome:REACT_104930 Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_107479 Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_108775 Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_114669 Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport, Staphylococcus aureus N315 Reactome:REACT_115652 Lipid metabolism, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_28745 Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_31395 Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_32539 Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_33836 Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_602 Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_77176 Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_77191 Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_79244 Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport, Plasmodium falciparum Reactome:REACT_81778 Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_82512 Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_82723 Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport, Escherichia coli Reactome:REACT_87884 Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_90757 Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_94607 Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reactome:REACT_97906 Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_98129 Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_99706 Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport, Dictyostelium discoideum The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione. Reactome:REACT_27247 Wikipedia:Sulfur_metabolism sulfur metabolism sulphur metabolic process sulphur metabolism biological_process GO:0006790 sulfur compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione. GOC:ai Reactome:REACT_27247 Sulfur compound metabolism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein. janelomax 2012-12-13T16:25:32Z GO:0015457 GO:0015460 GO:0044765 small molecule transport solute:solute exchange biological_process single-organism transport GO:0006810 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term, for e.g. to transmembrane transport, to microtubule-based transport or to vesicle-mediated transport. transport The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein. GOC:dos GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. GO:0000063 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling biological_process GO:0006913 Note that transport through the nuclear pore complex is not transmembrane because the nuclear membrane is a double membrane, and is not traversed. nucleocytoplasmic transport The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. GOC:go_curators The cellular catabolic process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation. GO:0016238 Wikipedia:Autophagy_(cellular) biological_process GO:0006914 autophagy The cellular catabolic process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation. GOC:autophagy ISBN:0198547684 PMID:11099404 PMID:9412464 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). biological_process response to abiotic stress response to biotic stress GO:0006950 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components. mitochondria organization mitochondrion organisation biological_process mitochondrion organization and biogenesis GO:0007005 mitochondrion organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components. GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah GOC:sgd_curators PMID:9786946 mitochondria organization GOC:mah mitochondrion organisation GOC:mah mitochondrion organization and biogenesis GOC:curators A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane. plasma membrane organisation biological_process plasma membrane organization and biogenesis GO:0007009 plasma membrane organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane. GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah plasma membrane organisation GOC:curators plasma membrane organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. cytoskeleton organisation biological_process cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis cytoskeletal regulator activity cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GO:0007010 cytoskeleton organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah cytoskeleton organisation GOC:curators cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis GOC:mah cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GOC:mah The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a vacuole. biological_process GO:0007034 vacuolar transport The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a vacuole. GOC:ai The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division. Wikipedia:Cell_cycle cell-division cycle biological_process GO:0007049 cell cycle The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division. GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles. Wikipedia:Chromosome_segregation chromosome division biological_process chromosome transmission GO:0007059 chromosome segregation The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles. GOC:jl GOC:mah GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GOC:vw The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules. davidos 2014-04-15T15:59:10Z GO:0098602 Wikipedia:Cell_adhesion biological_process cell adhesion molecule activity single organism cell adhesion GO:0007155 cell adhesion The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules. GOC:hb GOC:pf The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. GO:0023033 Reactome:REACT_100624 Reactome:REACT_102354 Reactome:REACT_112130 Reactome:REACT_112549 Reactome:REACT_113151 Reactome:REACT_113601 Reactome:REACT_113964 Reactome:REACT_114657 Reactome:REACT_114690 Reactome:REACT_114820 Reactome:REACT_114910 Reactome:REACT_115037 Reactome:REACT_115147 Reactome:REACT_12478 Reactome:REACT_31232 Reactome:REACT_78535 Reactome:REACT_89740 Reactome:REACT_93680 Reactome:REACT_98872 Wikipedia:Signal_transduction signaling cascade signalling cascade biological_process signaling pathway signalling pathway GO:0007165 Note that signal transduction is defined broadly to include a ligand interacting with a receptor, downstream signaling steps and a response being triggered. A change in form of the signal in every step is not necessary. Note that in many cases the end of this process is regulation of the initiation of transcription. Note that specific transcription factors may be annotated to this term, but core/general transcription machinery such as RNA polymerase should not. signal transduction The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11 Reactome:REACT_100624 EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_102354 EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_112130 EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_112549 EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_113151 EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reactome:REACT_113601 EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_113964 EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_114657 EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_114690 EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_114820 EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_114910 EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_115037 EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma, Plasmodium falciparum Reactome:REACT_115147 EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_12478 EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_31232 EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_78535 EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_89740 EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_93680 EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_98872 EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma, Mus musculus signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. cell-cell signalling biological_process GO:0007267 cell-cell signaling Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. GOC:dos GOC:mah A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700). GO:0016280 Wikipedia:Aging ageing biological_process GO:0007568 aging A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700). GOC:PO_curators Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein component of any cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton). molecular_function GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein component of any cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton). GOC:mah Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription. TF binding molecular_function GO:0008134 transcription factor binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription. ISBN:0198506732 Functions during translation by interacting selectively and non-covalently with RNA during polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome. translation factor activity, nucleic acid binding molecular_function GO:0008135 translation factor activity, RNA binding Functions during translation by interacting selectively and non-covalently with RNA during polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome. GOC:ai GOC:vw translation factor activity, nucleic acid binding GOC:mah A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. janelomax 2012-09-19T15:05:24Z GO:0000004 GO:0007582 GO:0044699 Wikipedia:Biological_process biological process physiological process biological_process single organism process single-organism process GO:0008150 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code "no data" (ND), is used to indicate this. biological_process A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. GOC:pdt Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule. GO:0004480 methylase EC:2.1.1 Reactome:REACT_100745 Reactome:REACT_100863 Reactome:REACT_100884 Reactome:REACT_103958 Reactome:REACT_104757 Reactome:REACT_105478 Reactome:REACT_105909 Reactome:REACT_106465 Reactome:REACT_107676 Reactome:REACT_15531 Reactome:REACT_15553 Reactome:REACT_2094 Reactome:REACT_29020 Reactome:REACT_29098 Reactome:REACT_33644 Reactome:REACT_33779 Reactome:REACT_73401 Reactome:REACT_77286 Reactome:REACT_78774 Reactome:REACT_79799 Reactome:REACT_83214 Reactome:REACT_84525 Reactome:REACT_84974 Reactome:REACT_86817 Reactome:REACT_86905 Reactome:REACT_87169 Reactome:REACT_93379 Reactome:REACT_93809 Reactome:REACT_94274 Reactome:REACT_96444 Reactome:REACT_99316 molecular_function GO:0008168 methyltransferase activity Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule. ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:REACT_100745 Methylation of 3,4-dihydroxypheylacetic acid to homovanillic acid, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_100863 methylation of Dopamine to form 3-Methoxytyramine, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_100884 methylation of Dopamine to form 3-Methoxytyramine, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_103958 methylation of Dopamine to form 3-Methoxytyramine, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_104757 guanidinoacetate + S-adenosylmethionine => creatine + S-adenosylhomocysteine, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_105478 guanidinoacetate + S-adenosylmethionine => creatine + S-adenosylhomocysteine, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_105909 Methylation of 3,4-dihydroxypheylacetic acid to homovanillic acid, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_106465 Methylation of 3,4-dihydroxypheylacetic acid to homovanillic acid, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_107676 Methylation of 3,4-dihydroxypheylacetic acid to homovanillic acid, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_15531 methylation of Dopamine to form 3-Methoxytyramine, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_15553 Methylation of 3,4-dihydroxypheylacetic acid to homovanillic acid, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_2094 guanidinoacetate + S-adenosylmethionine => creatine + S-adenosylhomocysteine, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_29020 methylation of Dopamine to form 3-Methoxytyramine, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_29098 guanidinoacetate + S-adenosylmethionine => creatine + S-adenosylhomocysteine, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_33644 Methylation of 3,4-dihydroxypheylacetic acid to homovanillic acid, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reactome:REACT_33779 methylation of Dopamine to form 3-Methoxytyramine, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reactome:REACT_73401 guanidinoacetate + S-adenosylmethionine => creatine + S-adenosylhomocysteine, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_77286 methylation of Dopamine to form 3-Methoxytyramine, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_78774 guanidinoacetate + S-adenosylmethionine => creatine + S-adenosylhomocysteine, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_79799 Methylation of 3,4-dihydroxypheylacetic acid to homovanillic acid, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_83214 Methylation of 3,4-dihydroxypheylacetic acid to homovanillic acid, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_84525 guanidinoacetate + S-adenosylmethionine => creatine + S-adenosylhomocysteine, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_84974 methylation of Dopamine to form 3-Methoxytyramine, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_86817 methylation of Dopamine to form 3-Methoxytyramine, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_86905 Methylation of 3,4-dihydroxypheylacetic acid to homovanillic acid, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_87169 Methylation of 3,4-dihydroxypheylacetic acid to homovanillic acid, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_93379 methylation of Dopamine to form 3-Methoxytyramine, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_93809 guanidinoacetate + S-adenosylmethionine => creatine + S-adenosylhomocysteine, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_94274 Methylation of 3,4-dihydroxypheylacetic acid to homovanillic acid, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_96444 methylation of Dopamine to form 3-Methoxytyramine, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_99316 guanidinoacetate + S-adenosylmethionine => creatine + S-adenosylhomocysteine, Gallus gallus Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538). biological_process accidental cell death necrosis GO:0008219 This term should not be used for direct annotation. The only exception should be when experimental data (e.g., staining with trypan blue or propidium iodide) show that cell death has occurred, but fail to provide details on death modality (accidental versus programmed). When information is provided on the cell death mechanism, annotations should be made to the appropriate descendant of 'cell death' (such as, but not limited to, GO:0097300 'programmed necrotic cell death' or GO:0006915 'apoptotic process'). Also, if experimental data suggest that a gene product influences cell death indirectly, rather than being involved in the death process directly, consider annotating to a 'regulation' term. cell death Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538). GOC:mah GOC:mtg_apoptosis PMID:25236395 Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid. EC:3.4 Reactome:REACT_106748 Reactome:REACT_110349 Reactome:REACT_13710 Reactome:REACT_19284 Reactome:REACT_93020 Reactome:REACT_99630 hydrolase, acting on peptide bonds peptide hydrolase activity protease activity proteinase activity molecular_function GO:0008233 peptidase activity Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid. GOC:jl ISBN:0815332181 Reactome:REACT_106748 gamma-secretase cleaves p75NTR, releasing NRIF and TRAF6, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_110349 gamma-secretase cleaves p75NTR, releasing NRIF and TRAF6, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_13710 gamma-secretase cleaves p75NTR, releasing NRIF and TRAF6, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_19284 Proteolytic processing of Slit, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_93020 gamma-secretase cleaves p75NTR, releasing NRIF and TRAF6, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_99630 gamma-secretase cleaves p75NTR, releasing NRIF and TRAF6, Gallus gallus The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. biological_process GO:0008283 This term was moved out from being a child of 'cellular process' because it is a cell population-level process, and cellular processes are restricted to those processes that involve individual cells. Also note that this term is intended to be used for the proliferation of cells within a multicellular organism, not for the expansion of a population of single-celled organisms. cell proliferation The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. GOC:mah GOC:mb Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipid. molecular_function GO:0008289 lipid binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipid. GOC:ai Enables the directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. GO:0015463 protein carrier activity enzyme transporter activity protein transport chaperone molecular_function holin secretin GO:0008565 protein transporter activity Enables the directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. ISBN:0198506732 protein transport chaperone GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism. janelomax 2012-10-17T15:52:35Z GO:0044243 GO:0044712 Wikipedia:Catabolism breakdown catabolism degradation multicellular organismal catabolic process biological_process single-organism catabolic process GO:0009056 catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism. ISBN:0198547684 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones. janelomax 2012-10-17T15:52:18Z GO:0044274 GO:0044711 formation Wikipedia:Anabolism anabolism biosynthesis synthesis multicellular organismal biosynthetic process biological_process single-organism biosynthetic process GO:0009058 biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones. GOC:curators ISBN:0198547684 Any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid. Wikipedia:Plastid cellular_component GO:0009536 plastid Any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid. GOC:jl ISBN:0198547684 A membranous cellular structure that bears the photosynthetic pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In cyanobacteria thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to, or continuous with, the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes they are flattened, membrane-bounded disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation. Wikipedia:Thylakoid cellular_component photosynthetic membrane GO:0009579 A thylakoid is not considered an organelle, but some thylakoids are part of organelles. thylakoid A membranous cellular structure that bears the photosynthetic pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In cyanobacteria thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to, or continuous with, the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes they are flattened, membrane-bounded disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation. GOC:ds GOC:mtg_sensu ISBN:0198506732 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. GO:0009795 embryogenesis and morphogenesis Wikipedia:Embryogenesis embryogenesis embryonal development biological_process GO:0009790 embryo development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete GOC:mtg_sensu The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide (CO2) using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. Wikipedia:Photosynthesis biological_process GO:0015979 photosynthesis The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide (CO2) using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. ISBN:0198547684 A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane. GO:0006899 vesicle transport vesicular transport nonselective vesicle transport biological_process protein sorting along secretory pathway vesicle trafficking GO:0016192 vesicle-mediated transport A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane. GOC:ai GOC:mah ISBN:08789310662000 vesicular transport GOC:mah Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. 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Reactome:REACT_96208 Reactome:REACT_96218 Reactome:REACT_96356 Reactome:REACT_96461 Reactome:REACT_96468 Reactome:REACT_96483 Reactome:REACT_96500 Reactome:REACT_96524 Reactome:REACT_96656 Reactome:REACT_96666 Reactome:REACT_96758 Reactome:REACT_96793 Reactome:REACT_96797 Reactome:REACT_96877 Reactome:REACT_96899 Reactome:REACT_96968 Reactome:REACT_97193 Reactome:REACT_97218 Reactome:REACT_97282 Reactome:REACT_97299 Reactome:REACT_97458 Reactome:REACT_97577 Reactome:REACT_97661 Reactome:REACT_97667 Reactome:REACT_97748 Reactome:REACT_97759 Reactome:REACT_97847 Reactome:REACT_97905 Reactome:REACT_98024 Reactome:REACT_98050 Reactome:REACT_98066 Reactome:REACT_98109 Reactome:REACT_98176 Reactome:REACT_98213 Reactome:REACT_98253 Reactome:REACT_98296 Reactome:REACT_98373 Reactome:REACT_98378 Reactome:REACT_98395 Reactome:REACT_98434 Reactome:REACT_98436 Reactome:REACT_98443 Reactome:REACT_98493 Reactome:REACT_98558 Reactome:REACT_98560 Reactome:REACT_98663 Reactome:REACT_98708 Reactome:REACT_98731 Reactome:REACT_98738 Reactome:REACT_98741 Reactome:REACT_98779 Reactome:REACT_988 Reactome:REACT_98847 Reactome:REACT_98908 Reactome:REACT_98913 Reactome:REACT_98971 Reactome:REACT_98996 Reactome:REACT_99025 Reactome:REACT_99053 Reactome:REACT_99141 Reactome:REACT_99158 Reactome:REACT_99207 Reactome:REACT_99231 Reactome:REACT_99266 Reactome:REACT_99302 Reactome:REACT_99311 Reactome:REACT_9955 Reactome:REACT_99556 Reactome:REACT_99560 Reactome:REACT_9959 Reactome:REACT_99595 Reactome:REACT_99713 Reactome:REACT_9978 Reactome:REACT_99785 Reactome:REACT_9983 Reactome:REACT_9987 Reactome:REACT_99929 Reactome:REACT_99966 Reactome:REACT_9997 phosphokinase activity molecular_function GO:0016301 Note that this term encompasses all activities that transfer a single phosphate group; although ATP is by far the most common phosphate donor, reactions using other phosphate donors are included in this term. kinase activity Reactome:REACT_30023 Phosphorylation (Ser5) of RNA pol II CTD, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_30052 Phosphorylation of BRCA1 at multiple sites by ATM, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_30070 Phosphorylation of L1 by CK-II, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_30084 PIP2 conversion to PIP3, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_30113 SOS phosphorylation and dissociation (IRS, Crk), Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_30116 Phosphorylation and activation of eIF4B by activated S6K1, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_30165 Phosphorylation of the Emi1 DSGxxS degron by Plk1, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_302 Phosphorylation and activation of Chk1 by ATM, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_30230 Phosphorylation of the SA2 Cohesin Complex, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_30345 RAF1 phosphorylates MEK1, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_30490 Inactivation of Myt1 kinase, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_30496 Phosphorylation of the Scc1:Cohesion Complex, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_30679 Phosphorylation and inactivation of eEF2K by activated S6K1, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_30700 Phosphorylation of BRCA1 at multiple sites by ATM, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_30836 Inactivation of Myt1 kinase, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_30921 Phosphorylation and activation of Chk1 by ATM, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_30938 Hyperphosphorylation (Ser2) of RNA Pol II CTD by P-TEFb complex, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_30948 PIP2 conversion to PIP3, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_30985 Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of Nlp, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_30997 Intermolecular autophosphorylation of ATM within dimeric ATM complexes, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_31081 Phosphorylation of TSC2 by PKB, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_31149 Phosphorylation of the Scc1:Cohesion Complex, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_31196 Phosphorylation of histone H2AX at Serine-139 by ATM at the site of DSB, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_31227 Regulation of KIF20A (MKL2) by phosphorylation, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_31273 Phosphorylation of the Scc1:Cohesion Complex, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_31290 Orc1 is phosphorylated by cyclin A/CDK2, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_31293 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 in response to DNA damage, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_31449 Phosphorylation and activation of CHK2 by ATM, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_31466 Activation of S6K1, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_31519 Phosphorylation of the SA2 Cohesin Complex, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_31536 Phosphorylation of NBS1 by ATM, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_31571 Autophosphorylation of PAK-2p34 in the activation loop, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_31625 Phosphorylation of L1 by ERK, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_31639 SOS phosphorylation and dissociation (SHC), Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_31868 Phosphorylation and activation of CHK2 by ATM, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_31915 Phosphorylation of L1 by CK-II, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_31935 Partial autophosphorylation of PAK-2 at Ser-19, Ser-20, Ser-55, Ser-192, and Ser-197, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_31984 Phosphorylation (Ser5) of RNA pol II CTD, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_32009 Wee1- mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin B1:phospho-Cdc2 complexes, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_32077 Inactivation of Myt1 kinase, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_32079 Phosphorylation of MDC1/NFBD1 by ATM (within 2 c-term BRCT domains), Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_32145 Phosphorylation of COP1 at Ser-387 by ATM, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_32150 Phosphorylation of NBS1 by ATM, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_32271 Phosphorylation of cPLA2 by ERK-2, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_32358 Phosphorylation of MDM2 at serine-395 by ATM kinase, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_32374 Mcm2-7 is phosphorylated by DDK, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_32438 Phosphorylation of proteins involved in the G1/S transition by Cyclin A:Cdk2, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_32492 Phosphorylation of BRCA1 at multiple sites by ATM, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_32565 Phosphorylation of NBS1 by ATM, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_32598 Phosphorylation and activation of eIF4B by activated S6K1, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_32620 Phosphorylation of the Emi1 DSGxxS degron by Plk1, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_32845 Phosphorylation of Cyclin D:Cdk4/6 complexes, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_32906 Phosphorylation and inactivation of eEF2K by activated S6K1, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_32956 Phosphorylation of phospho-(Ser45 ) at Thr 41 by GSK-3, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_33003 Phosphorylation of the SA2 Cohesin Complex, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_33009 Phosphorylation of L1 by ERK, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_33080 Phosphorylation of histone H2AX at Serine-139 by ATM at the site of DSB, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_33369 Phosphorylation of NBS1 by ATM, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_33385 Partial autophosphorylation of PAK-2 at Ser-19, Ser-20, Ser-55, Ser-192, and Ser-197, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_33519 Phosphorylation of the Emi1 DSGxxS degron by Plk1, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_33532 Phosphorylation of complexed TSC2 by PKB, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_33692 Phosphorylation of BRCA1 at multiple sites by ATM, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_33840 Regulation of KIF23 (MKLP1) by phosphorylation, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_33928 Phosphorylation of Cyclin D1 at T286 by glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_33979 Phosphorylation of the Emi1 DSGxxS degron by Plk1, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_34080 Phosphorylation of PD-1, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_34111 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk1, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_34145 Phosphorylation of cPLA2 by ERK-2, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_34222 Phosphorylation of L1 by ERK, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_34285 Activation of Cdc25C, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_34310 Phosphorylation and activation of Chk1 by ATM, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_34403 Phosphorylation (Ser5) of RNA pol II CTD, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_34514 Phosphorylation and inactivation of eEF2K by activated S6K1, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_34516 Cdc6 protein is phosphorylated by CDK, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_34607 Phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 by activated mTORC1, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_34741 Phosphorylation of MDC1/NFBD1 by ATM (within 2 c-term BRCT domains), Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_34788 Phosphorylation and inactivation of eEF2K by activated S6K1, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_34804 Phosphoryation of phospho- (Ser45, Thr41) beta-catenin at Ser37 by GSK-3, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_384 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E2:Cdk2 complexes by Myt1, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_414 Inactivation of Myt1 kinase, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_41715 Hyperphosphorylation (Ser2) of RNA Pol II CTD by P-TEFb complex, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_43 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk2, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_496 Down Regulation of Emi1 through Phosphorylation of Emi1, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_54449 Phosphorylation and activation of eIF4G by activated S6K1, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_545 RAF1 phosphorylates MEK1, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_559 Phosphorylation and activation of Chk1 by ATM kinase, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_58131 PIP2 conversion to PIP3, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_6139 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdc2 complexes, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6170 Hyperphosphorylation (Ser2) of RNA Pol II CTD by the P-TEFb(Cyclin T1:Cdk9) complex, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6178 Wee1- mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin B1:phospho-Cdc2 complexes, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6234 Phosphorylation (Ser5) of RNA pol II CTD, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6297 Hyperphosphorylation (Ser2) of RNA Pol II CTD by P-TEFb complex, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6311 Phosphorylation of NEFL by the P-TEFb(Cyclin T1:Cdk9) complex, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6314 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin B1:Cdc2 complexes, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6316 Phosphorylation of DSIF by the P-TEFb(Cyclin T1:Cdk9) complex, Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Reactome:REACT_6327 Wee1-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:phospho-Cdc2 complexes, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6342 Myt-1 mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdc2, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6353 Phosphorylation of Cyclin B1 in the CRS domain, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6725 Phosphorylation of TSC2 by PKB, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6778 Phosphorylation and activation of eIF4B by activated S6K1, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6859 Free APC/C phosphorylated by Plk1, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6861 Phosphorylation of the Emi1 DSGxxS degron by Plk1, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6870 Phosphorylation and activation of eIF4G by activated S6K1, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6873 Phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 by activated mTORC1, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6883 Phosphorylation and inactivation of eEF2K by activated S6K1, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6912 Phosphorylation of Ribosomal protein S6 by activated S6K1, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6948 Activation of S6K1, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_6952 Phosphorylation of complexed TSC2 by PKB, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_76979 Phosphorylation of Cyclin D:Cdk4/6 complexes, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_77040 Phosphorylation of COP1 at Ser-387 by ATM, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_77074 Phosphorylation of MDM2 at serine-395 by ATM kinase, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_77179 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk2, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_77231 Phosphorylation of DLC2 by MAPK-8, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_77234 Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of Nlp, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_773 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E:Cdk2 complexes by Wee-1, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_77326 RAF1 phosphorylates MEK2, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_77362 Partial autophosphorylation of PAK-2 at Ser-19, Ser-20, Ser-55, Ser-192, and Ser-197, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_77365 Phosphorylation of the Emi1 DSGxxS degron by Plk1, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_77397 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 in response to DNA damage, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_77407 Regulation of NUDC by phosphorylation, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_77443 Activation of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) by PLK1, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_77450 Phosphorylation of L1 by CK-II, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_77535 Phosphorylation of Cyclin D:Cdk4/6 complexes, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_77550 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdc2 complexes, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_77566 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdc2 complexes, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_77606 Phosphoryation of phospho- (Ser45, Thr41) beta-catenin at Ser37 by GSK-3, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_77615 Phosphorylation of phospho-(Ser45,Thr41,Ser37) at Ser33 by GSK-3, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_77654 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdk2, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_77660 Regulation of KIF23 (MKLP1) by phosphorylation, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_77733 Phosphorylation of PDE3B, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_77834 Activation of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) by PLK1, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_77857 Phosphorylation (Ser5) of RNA pol II CTD, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_77897 Phosphorylation of Wee1 kinase by Chk1, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_77911 Mcm2-7 is phosphorylated by DDK, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_77928 Autophosphorylation of PAK-2p34 in the activation loop, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_77949 Phosphorylation of Wee1 kinase by Chk1, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_77977 Phosphorylation of Cyclin B1 in the CRS domain, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_78014 Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of Nlp, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_78035 Phosphorylation of phospho-(Ser45 ) at Thr 41 by GSK-3, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_78087 Phosphorylation of TSC2 by PKB, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_78121 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk2, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_78226 Regulation of NUDC by phosphorylation, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_78281 Phosphoryation of phospho- (Ser45, Thr41) beta-catenin at Ser37 by GSK-3, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_78427 Myt-1 mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdc2, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_78450 Phosphorylation and activation of eIF4B by activated S6K1, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_78451 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdc2 complexes, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_78503 Phosphorylation of histone H2AX at Serine-139 by ATM at the site of DSB, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_78533 Wee1-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:phospho-Cdc2 complexes, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_78539 Down Regulation of Emi1 through Phosphorylation of Emi1, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_78556 Free APC/C phosphorylated by Plk1, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_78625 Phosphorylation and inactivation of eEF2K by activated S6K1, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_78651 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin B1:Cdc2 complexes, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_78696 Phosphorylation of phospho-(Ser45 ) at Thr 41 by GSK-3, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_78748 Cdc6 protein is phosphorylated by CDK, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_78901 Phosphorylation (Ser5) of RNA pol II CTD, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_79012 Partial autophosphorylation of PAK-2 at Ser-19, Ser-20, Ser-55, Ser-192, and Ser-197, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_79039 Autophosphorylation of PAK-2p34 in the activation loop, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_79087 Phosphorylation of Wee1 kinase by Chk1, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_79125 SOS phosphorylation and dissociation (IRS), Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_79182 Phosphorylation of Cyclin B1 in the CRS domain, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_79208 Mcm2-7 is phosphorylated by DDK, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_79220 Phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 by activated mTORC1, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_79255 Phosphorylation of p53 at ser-15 by ATM kinase, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_79372 Cdc6 protein is phosphorylated by CDK, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_79573 Phosphorylation of p53 at ser-15 by ATM kinase, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_79686 Phosphorylation of the Scc1:Cohesion Complex, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_79694 Autophosphorylation of PAK-2p34 in the activation loop, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_79700 Activation of S6K1, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_79709 Orc1 is phosphorylated by cyclin A/CDK2, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_79720 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E2:Cdk2 complexes by Myt1, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_80110 Phosphorylation of proteins involved in the G1/S transition by Cyclin A:Cdk2, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_80144 Phosphorylation of complexed TSC2 by PKB, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_80185 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E1:Cdk2 complexes by Myt1, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_80213 Activation of S6K1, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_80218 Phosphorylation of the Scc1:Cohesion Complex, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_80239 Regulation of KIF20A (MKL2) by phosphorylation, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_80255 Mcm2-7 is phosphorylated by DDK, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_80591 Regulation of KIF20A (MKL2) by phosphorylation, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_80606 Phosphorylation of NBS1 by ATM, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_80617 Inactivation of Wee1 kinase, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_80632 Phosphorylation of L1 by ERK, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_80665 Down Regulation of Emi1 through Phosphorylation of Emi1, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_80684 Phosphorylation of COP1 at Ser-387 by ATM, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_80689 Intermolecular autophosphorylation of ATM within dimeric ATM complexes, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_80699 PIP2 conversion to PIP3, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_80700 Intermolecular autophosphorylation of ATM within dimeric ATM complexes, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_80714 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdc2 complexes, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_80804 Phosphorylation of PDE3B, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_80853 Phosphorylation (Ser5) of RNA pol II CTD, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_80860 Phosphorylation of MDM2 at serine-395 by ATM kinase, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_80909 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk1, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_81027 PIP2 conversion to PIP3, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_81148 Phosphorylation and activation of CHK2 by ATM, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_81218 Phosphorylation and activation of CHK2 by ATM, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_81439 Phosphorylation of APC component of the destruction complex, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_81458 Phosphorylation of phospho-(Ser45 ) at Thr 41 by GSK-3, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_81490 Phosphorylation of phospho-(Ser45,Thr41,Ser37) at Ser33 by GSK-3, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_81590 Wee1- mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin B1:phospho-Cdc2 complexes, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_81616 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E2:Cdk2 complexes by Myt1, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_81647 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E1:Cdk2 complexes by Myt1, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_81652 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk1, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_81693 Phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser45 by CK1 alpha, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_81715 Orc1 is phosphorylated by cyclin A/CDK2, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_81727 Phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdk2 at Tyr 15, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_81864 Phosphorylation of Cx43 by c-src, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_81941 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk1, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_82037 Partial autophosphorylation of PAK-2 at Ser-19, Ser-20, Ser-55, Ser-192, and Ser-197, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_82115 Phosphorylation and activation of Chk1 by ATM, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_82125 Phosphorylation of complexed TSC2 by PKB, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_82128 PIP2 conversion to PIP3, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_82261 Phosphorylation of DLC2 by MAPK-8, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_82270 Autophosphorylation of PAK-2p34 in the activation loop, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_82303 Phosphorylation of Cyclin D:Cdk4/6 complexes, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_82310 Phosphorylation and activation of Chk1 by ATM, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_82361 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin B1:Cdc2 complexes, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_82456 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 in response to DNA damage, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_82473 Phosphorylation of the SA2 Cohesin Complex, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_82616 Phosphorylation of phospho-(Ser45,Thr41,Ser37) at Ser33 by GSK-3, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_82678 Phosphorylation of complexed TSC2 by PKB, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_82728 Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of Nlp, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_82751 Down Regulation of Emi1 through Phosphorylation of Emi1, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_82824 Inactivation of Wee1 kinase, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_82901 Phosphorylation of DLC2 by MAPK-8, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_82927 PIP2 conversion to PIP3, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_83006 Partial autophosphorylation of PAK-2 at Ser-19, Ser-20, Ser-55, Ser-192, and Ser-197, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_83089 Inactivation of Myt1 kinase, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_83110 Phosphorylation (Ser5) of RNA pol II CTD, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_83178 Phosphorylation and activation of Chk1 by ATM, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_83187 Phosphorylation of the SA2 Cohesin Complex, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_83239 Phosphorylation and activation of eIF4G by activated S6K1, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_83279 Phosphorylation of NBS1 by ATM, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_83297 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdk2, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_83436 Intermolecular autophosphorylation of ATM within dimeric ATM complexes, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_83476 Phosphorylation and activation of CHK2 by ATM, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_83529 Wee1- mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin B1:phospho-Cdc2 complexes, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_83533 Phosphorylation and activation of Chk1 by ATM, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_83579 Phosphorylation of Wee1 kinase by Chk1, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_83582 Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of Nlp, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_83671 Wee1-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:phospho-Cdc2 complexes, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_83696 Free APC/C phosphorylated by Plk1, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_83709 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk1, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_83727 Intermolecular autophosphorylation of ATM within dimeric ATM complexes, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_83899 Phosphorylation of MDC1/NFBD1 by ATM (within 2 c-term BRCT domains), Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_83979 Phosphorylation of COP1 at Ser-387 by ATM, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_84080 Phosphorylation of the SA2 Cohesin Complex, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_84082 Phosphorylation of Wee1 kinase by Chk1, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_84208 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin B1:Cdc2 complexes, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_84273 Phosphorylation of L1 by ERK, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_84348 Phosphorylation of COP1 at Ser-387 by ATM, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_84405 Phosphorylation of p53 at ser-15 by ATM kinase, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_845 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk1, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_84560 Cdc6 protein is phosphorylated by CDK, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_84656 Phosphoryation of phospho- (Ser45, Thr41) beta-catenin at Ser37 by GSK-3, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_84932 Phosphorylation of Wee1 kinase by Chk1, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_85009 Phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser45 by CK1 alpha, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_85017 Activation of S6K1, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_85044 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E1:Cdk2 complexes by Myt1, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_85066 Activation of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) by PLK1, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_85256 Phosphorylation of Cdc25C at Ser216, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_85328 Regulation of KIF20A (MKL2) by phosphorylation, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_85379 Phosphorylation of Cx43 by c-src, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_85449 Phosphorylation and activation of eIF4G by activated S6K1, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_85586 Wee1-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:phospho-Cdc2 complexes, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_85699 Phosphorylation of Cyclin B1 in the CRS domain, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_85720 Phosphorylation of L1 by ERK, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_85745 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin B1:Cdc2 complexes, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_85751 Phosphorylation of BRCA1 at multiple sites by ATM, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_85812 Phosphorylation and activation of Chk1 by ATM, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_85836 Partial autophosphorylation of PAK-2 at Ser-19, Ser-20, Ser-55, Ser-192, and Ser-197, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_85871 Intermolecular autophosphorylation of ATM within dimeric ATM complexes, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_86014 Phosphorylation of the SA2 Cohesin Complex, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_86033 Phosphorylation and activation of CHK2 by ATM, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_86061 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E1:Cdk2 complexes by Myt1, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_86092 Phosphorylation of COP1 at Ser-387 by ATM, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_86211 Activation of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) by PLK1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_86252 Phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdk2 at Tyr 15, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_86261 Regulation of NUDC by phosphorylation, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_86277 Phosphorylation of TSC2 by PKB, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_86365 Phosphorylation and activation of eIF4G by activated S6K1, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_86372 Akt1 phosphorylates BAD protein, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_86415 Phosphorylation of Cx43 by c-src, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_86422 Phosphorylation of PD-1, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_86533 Cdc6 protein is phosphorylated by CDK, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_86736 Phosphorylation of proteins involved in the G1/S transition by Cyclin A:Cdk2, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_86800 Phosphorylation of Cyclin D1 at T286 by glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_86867 Phosphorylation of p53 at ser-15 by ATM kinase, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_86952 Phosphorylation of Ribosomal protein S6 by activated S6K1, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_86967 Phosphorylation (Ser5) of RNA pol II CTD, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_87010 Regulation of NUDC by phosphorylation, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_87121 Phosphorylation of cPLA2 by ERK-2, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_87149 Phosphorylation of L1 by CK-II, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_87212 Phosphorylation of Cx43 by c-src, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_87222 Cdc6 protein is phosphorylated by CDK, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_87298 Phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdk2 at Tyr 15, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_87329 Regulation of KIF23 (MKLP1) by phosphorylation, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_87391 Phosphorylation of Cx43 by c-src, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_87424 SOS phosphorylation and dissociation (SHC), Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_87437 Phosphorylation of AKT2 by PDK1, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_87485 Activation of S6K1, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_87497 Akt1 phosphorylates BAD protein, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_87503 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E2:Cdk2 complexes by Myt1, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_87523 Phosphorylation of Cyclin B1 in the CRS domain, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_87534 Phosphorylation of MDM2 at serine-395 by ATM kinase, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_87593 Activation of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) by PLK1, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_87650 Phosphorylation of proteins involved in the G1/S transition by Cyclin A:Cdk2, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_87679 Phosphorylation of PDE3B, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_87753 Wee1-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:phospho-Cdc2 complexes, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_87880 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin B1:Cdc2 complexes, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_87967 Hyperphosphorylation (Ser2) of RNA Pol II CTD by P-TEFb complex, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_88025 Activation of S6K1, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_88055 Phosphorylation of NBS1 by ATM, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_88091 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk1, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_88220 Regulation of KIF23 (MKLP1) by phosphorylation, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_88298 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk1, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_88326 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdk2, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_88374 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdk2, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_88421 Phosphorylation and inactivation of eEF2K by activated S6K1, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_88430 Orc1 is phosphorylated by cyclin A/CDK2, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_88440 Phosphorylation of Ribosomal protein S6 by activated S6K1, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_88458 Phosphorylation of cPLA2 by ERK-2, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_88486 Inactivation of Wee1 kinase, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_88516 Cdc6 protein is phosphorylated by CDK, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_88548 Phosphorylation of the Emi1 DSGxxS degron by Plk1, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_88564 Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of Nlp, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_88590 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk2, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_88665 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk2, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_88668 Intermolecular autophosphorylation of ATM within dimeric ATM complexes, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_88766 Phosphorylation (Ser5) of RNA pol II CTD, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_88871 Hyperphosphorylation (Ser2) of RNA Pol II CTD by P-TEFb complex, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_88928 Autophosphorylation of PAK-2p34 in the activation loop, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_88987 Free APC/C phosphorylated by Plk1, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_89001 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk1, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_89026 Phosphorylation of PD-1, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_89122 Activation of Cdc25C, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_89366 Phosphorylation of APC component of the destruction complex, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_89427 Phosphorylation of AKT2 by PDK1, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_89464 Phosphorylation of phospho-(Ser45,Thr41,Ser37) at Ser33 by GSK-3, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_89547 Phosphorylation of NBS1 by ATM, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_89579 Phosphorylation of Ribosomal protein S6 by activated S6K1, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_89769 Phosphorylation of MDM2 at serine-395 by ATM kinase, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_89794 Phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser45 by CK1 alpha, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_89879 Phosphoryation of phospho- (Ser45, Thr41) beta-catenin at Ser37 by GSK-3, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_89988 Phosphorylation of Ribosomal protein S6 by activated S6K1, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_9007 Phosphorylation of proteins involved in the G1/S transition by Cyclin A:Cdk2, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_90132 Phosphorylation of AKT2 by PDK1, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_90167 Phosphorylation of Wee1 kinase by Chk1, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_90220 Wee1- mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin B1:phospho-Cdc2 complexes, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_90227 Phosphorylation of AKT2 by PDK1, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_90290 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 in response to DNA damage, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_90364 Regulation of NUDC by phosphorylation, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_90426 Phosphorylation of Wee1 kinase by Chk1, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_90449 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E:Cdk2 complexes by Wee-1, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_90562 Regulation of NUDC by phosphorylation, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_9057 Phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdk2 at Tyr 15, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_9067 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin E:Cdk2, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_90675 Phosphorylation (Ser5) of RNA pol II CTD, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_907 Mcm2-7 is phosphorylated by DDK, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_9070 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdk2, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_908 Phosphorylation of AKT2 by PDK1, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_90917 Phosphorylation of Wee1 kinase by Chk1, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_91050 SOS phosphorylation and dissociation (IRS, Crk), Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_91062 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E2:Cdk2 complexes by Myt1, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_91085 Inactivation of Wee1 kinase, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_91156 Phosphorylation and activation of CHK2 by ATM, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_91157 Phosphorylation (Ser5) of RNA pol II CTD, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_91196 Phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 by activated mTORC1, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_91197 Phosphorylation and activation of eIF4B by activated S6K1, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_91240 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk2, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_91263 Down Regulation of Emi1 through Phosphorylation of Emi1, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_91382 SOS phosphorylation and dissociation (IRS), Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_91470 Regulation of KIF20A (MKL2) by phosphorylation, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_91501 PIP2 conversion to PIP3, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_91541 Phosphorylation of phospho-(Ser45,Thr41,Ser37) at Ser33 by GSK-3, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_91574 Phosphorylation of DLC2 by MAPK-8, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_91643 Phosphorylation of Cyclin D1 at T286 by glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_91684 Phosphorylation of the SA2 Cohesin Complex, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_91760 Regulation of KIF23 (MKLP1) by phosphorylation, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_91937 Phosphorylation of APC component of the destruction complex, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_92033 Inactivation of Myt1 kinase, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_92108 Myt-1 mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdc2, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_92126 Activation of S6K1, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_92148 Autophosphorylation of PAK-2p34 in the activation loop, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_92219 Phosphorylation of PDE3B, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_92247 Phosphorylation of the Emi1 DSGxxS degron by Plk1, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_92407 Regulation of KIF23 (MKLP1) by phosphorylation, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_92735 Autophosphorylation of PAK-2p34 in the activation loop, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_92736 Phosphorylation of L1 by ERK, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_92804 Phosphorylation of Wee1 kinase by Chk1, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_92852 SOS phosphorylation and dissociation (SHC), Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_92889 Phosphorylation of TSC2 by PKB, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_92915 Partial autophosphorylation of PAK-2 at Ser-19, Ser-20, Ser-55, Ser-192, and Ser-197, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_92929 RAF1 phosphorylates MEK1, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_92951 Phosphorylation and activation of Chk1 by ATM, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_93018 RAF1 phosphorylates MEK1, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_93105 Phosphorylation of cPLA2 by ERK-2, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_93124 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdc2 complexes, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_93149 Phosphorylation of Ribosomal protein S6 by activated S6K1, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_93166 Phosphorylation and activation of Chk1 by ATM, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_93219 Phosphorylation of Cyclin D1 at T286 by glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_93221 Phosphoryation of phospho- (Ser45, Thr41) beta-catenin at Ser37 by GSK-3, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_93346 Wee1-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:phospho-Cdc2 complexes, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_93366 Phosphorylation of cPLA2 by ERK-2, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_93414 Phosphorylation of Ribosomal protein S6 by activated S6K1, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_93440 Regulation of KIF20A (MKL2) by phosphorylation, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_93441 Regulation of KIF23 (MKLP1) by phosphorylation, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_93613 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdk2, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_93615 Phosphorylation of MDM2 at serine-395 by ATM kinase, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_937 Phosphorylation of BRCA1 at multiple sites by ATM, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_93706 RAF1 phosphorylates MEK1, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_93746 Phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdk2 at Tyr 15, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_93878 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 in response to DNA damage, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_94017 SOS phosphorylation and dissociation (IRS, Crk), Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_94113 Phosphorylation of Cx43 by c-src, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_94151 Phosphorylation of Wee1 kinase by Chk1, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_94248 SOS phosphorylation and dissociation (SHC), Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_94258 Phosphorylation of p53 at ser-15 by ATM kinase, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_94298 Phosphorylation of Cyclin B1 in the CRS domain, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_94397 Orc1 is phosphorylated by cyclin A/CDK2, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_94428 Phosphorylation of PD-1, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_94452 Phosphorylation of MDC1/NFBD1 by ATM (within 2 c-term BRCT domains), Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_94464 Phosphorylation and activation of eIF4B by activated S6K1, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_94562 Phosphorylation of the Scc1:Cohesion Complex, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_94615 SOS phosphorylation and dissociation (IRS, Crk), Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_94784 Phosphorylation of Cyclin D1 at T286 by glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_94817 Phosphorylation of the SA2 Cohesin Complex, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_94947 Autophosphorylation of PAK-2p34 in the activation loop, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_95052 Phosphorylation of Ribosomal protein S6 by activated S6K1, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_95087 Phosphorylation of the Scc1:Cohesion Complex, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_95088 Inactivation of Wee1 kinase, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_95089 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E:Cdk2 complexes by Wee-1, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_95155 Regulation of NUDC by phosphorylation, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_95163 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdk2, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_95437 Phosphorylation of phospho-(Ser45,Thr41,Ser37) at Ser33 by GSK-3, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_95461 Phosphorylation of proteins involved in the G1/S transition by Cyclin A:Cdk2, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_95504 Phosphorylation of Cdc25C at Ser216, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_95769 PIP2 conversion to PIP3, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_96 Phosphorylation of Cyclin D:Cdk4/6 complexes, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_96039 Myt-1 mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdc2, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_96088 Phosphorylation of PDE3B, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_96097 SOS phosphorylation and dissociation (IRS), Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_96102 Phosphorylation of Cx43 by c-src, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_96129 Phosphorylation and activation of eIF4G by activated S6K1, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_96200 Regulation of NUDC by phosphorylation, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_96208 Phosphorylation of COP1 at Ser-387 by ATM, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_96218 Wee1-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:phospho-Cdc2 complexes, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_96356 Free APC/C phosphorylated by Plk1, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_96461 Phosphorylation of L1 by CK-II, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_96468 Autophosphorylation of PAK-2p34 in the activation loop, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_96483 Phosphorylation of COP1 at Ser-387 by ATM, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_96500 RAF1 phosphorylates MEK2, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_96524 Activation of Cdc25C, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_96656 Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of Nlp, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_96666 Phosphorylation and activation of CHK2 by ATM, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_96758 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk2, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_96793 Activation of S6K1, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_96797 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin E:Cdk2, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_96877 Phosphorylation of MDM2 at serine-395 by ATM kinase, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_96899 Phosphorylation of TSC2 by PKB, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_96968 Cdc6 protein is phosphorylated by CDK, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_97193 Phosphorylation and activation of eIF4G by activated S6K1, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_97218 Orc1 is phosphorylated by cyclin A/CDK2, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_97282 Activation of S6K1, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_97299 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E2:Cdk2 complexes by Myt1, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_97458 Activation of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) by PLK1, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_97577 Myt-1 mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdc2, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_97661 Mcm2-7 is phosphorylated by DDK, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_97667 Phosphorylation of complexed TSC2 by PKB, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_97748 Phosphorylation of cPLA2 by ERK-2, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_97759 Phosphorylation of Cx43 by c-src, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_97847 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk2, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_97905 Phosphorylation of BRCA1 at multiple sites by ATM, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_98024 Myt-1 mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdc2, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_98050 Phosphorylation of Cdc25C at Ser216, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_98066 Intermolecular autophosphorylation of ATM within dimeric ATM complexes, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_98109 Regulation of NUDC by phosphorylation, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_98176 Phosphorylation of phospho-(Ser45,Thr41,Ser37) at Ser33 by GSK-3, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_98213 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 in response to DNA damage, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_98253 RAF1 phosphorylates MEK2, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_98296 Phosphorylation of Cyclin B1 in the CRS domain, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_98373 Myt-1 mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdc2, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_98378 Phosphorylation of COP1 at Ser-387 by ATM, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_98395 Phosphorylation and activation of Chk1 by ATM, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_98434 Phosphorylation and inactivation of eEF2K by activated S6K1, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_98436 Phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 by activated mTORC1, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_98443 Inactivation of Wee1 kinase, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_98493 Partial autophosphorylation of PAK-2 at Ser-19, Ser-20, Ser-55, Ser-192, and Ser-197, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_98558 Autophosphorylation of PAK-2p34 in the activation loop, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_98560 Phosphorylation and activation of CHK2 by ATM, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_98663 Regulation of KIF23 (MKLP1) by phosphorylation, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_98708 Phosphorylation of phospho-(Ser45 ) at Thr 41 by GSK-3, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_98731 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk1, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_98738 Phosphorylation of TSC2 by PKB, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_98741 Phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser45 by CK1 alpha, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_98779 Phosphorylation of Cx43 by c-src, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_988 Phosphorylation of MDM2 at serine-395 by ATM kinase, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_98847 Phosphorylation of complexed TSC2 by PKB, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_98908 Phosphorylation of phospho-(Ser45 ) at Thr 41 by GSK-3, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_98913 Phosphorylation of PD-1, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_98971 Phosphorylation of AKT2 by PDK1, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_98996 Free APC/C phosphorylated by Plk1, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_99025 Intermolecular autophosphorylation of ATM within dimeric ATM complexes, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_99053 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin E:Cdk2, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_99141 Phosphorylation of NBS1 by ATM, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_99158 Inactivation of Wee1 kinase, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_99207 Phosphorylation of Ribosomal protein S6 by activated S6K1, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_99231 Phosphorylation of AKT2 by PDK1, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_99266 Activation of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) by PLK1, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_99302 Phosphorylation of Cyclin D:Cdk4/6 complexes, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_99311 RAF1 phosphorylates MEK1, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_9955 Phosphorylation of phospho-(Ser45 ) at Thr 41 by GSK-3, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_99556 Phosphorylation of Ribosomal protein S6 by activated S6K1, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_99560 RAF1 phosphorylates MEK2, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_9959 Phosphoryation of phospho- (Ser45, Thr41) beta-catenin at Ser37 by GSK-3, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_99595 Phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdk2 at Tyr 15, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_99713 Phosphorylation of DLC2 by MAPK-8, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_9978 Phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser45 by CK1 alpha, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_99785 Phosphorylation of phospho-(Ser45 ) at Thr 41 by GSK-3, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_9983 Phosphorylation of APC component of the destruction complex, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_9987 Phosphorylation of phospho-(Ser45,Thr41,Ser37) at Ser33 by GSK-3, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_99929 Phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser45 by CK1 alpha, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_99966 Intermolecular autophosphorylation of ATM within dimeric ATM complexes, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_9997 Phosphorylation of Cx43 by c-src, Homo sapiens Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:REACT_100073 Activation of S6K1, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_100078 Wee1-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:phospho-Cdc2 complexes, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_100159 Inactivation of Myt1 kinase, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_100260 Partial autophosphorylation of PAK-2 at Ser-19, Ser-20, Ser-55, Ser-192, and Ser-197, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_100298 Phosphorylation of L1 by CK-II, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_100305 Regulation of NUDC by phosphorylation, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_100311 Intermolecular autophosphorylation of ATM within dimeric ATM complexes, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_100390 Phosphorylation of phospho-(Ser45,Thr41,Ser37) at Ser33 by GSK-3, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_100465 Phosphorylation and inactivation of eEF2K by activated S6K1, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_100495 Cdc6 protein is phosphorylated by CDK, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_100519 Intermolecular autophosphorylation of ATM within dimeric ATM complexes, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_100636 Phosphorylation of proteins involved in the G1/S transition by Cyclin A:Cdk2, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_100637 Phosphorylation of the Scc1:Cohesion Complex, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_101024 Phosphorylation and inactivation of eEF2K by activated S6K1, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_101170 Phosphorylation of APC component of the destruction complex, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_101303 Activation of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) by PLK1, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_101431 Mcm2-7 is phosphorylated by DDK, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_101543 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin E:Cdk2, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_101596 Phosphorylation of Cyclin D:Cdk4/6 complexes, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_101638 Phosphorylation and activation of CHK2 by ATM, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_101667 Down Regulation of Emi1 through Phosphorylation of Emi1, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_101841 Phosphorylation of Cdc25C at Ser216, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_101862 Myt-1 mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdc2, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_101914 Wee1- mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin B1:phospho-Cdc2 complexes, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_102090 Phosphoryation of phospho- (Ser45, Thr41) beta-catenin at Ser37 by GSK-3, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_102093 Phosphorylation and activation of eIF4G by activated S6K1, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_102154 Autophosphorylation of PAK-2p34 in the activation loop, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_102322 RAF1 phosphorylates MEK2, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_102330 Phosphorylation of MDM2 at serine-395 by ATM kinase, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_102380 Regulation of KIF23 (MKLP1) by phosphorylation, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_102475 Inactivation of Myt1 kinase, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_102499 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdc2 complexes, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_102552 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 in response to DNA damage, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_102607 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 in response to DNA damage, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_102711 Phosphorylation of L1 by CK-II, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_102729 RAF1 phosphorylates MEK1, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_102817 Phosphorylation of L1 by ERK, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_102887 Mcm2-7 is phosphorylated by DDK, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_102908 Phosphorylation of the Scc1:Cohesion Complex, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_102915 Activation of S6K1, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_103060 Phosphorylation of MDC1/NFBD1 by ATM (within 2 c-term BRCT domains), Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_103291 Phosphorylation of complexed TSC2 by PKB, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_103327 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E2:Cdk2 complexes by Myt1, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_103359 Wee1- mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin B1:phospho-Cdc2 complexes, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_103468 Activation of Cdc25C, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_103691 Phosphorylation of COP1 at Ser-387 by ATM, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_103727 Phosphorylation of NBS1 by ATM, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_103804 Phosphorylation of AKT2 by PDK1, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_103989 Phosphorylation of NBS1 by ATM, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_104022 Phosphorylation of p53 at ser-15 by ATM kinase, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_104044 Phosphorylation and activation of Chk1 by ATM, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_104109 Phosphorylation of proteins involved in the G1/S transition by Cyclin A:Cdk2, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_104209 Activation of S6K1, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_104323 Wee1-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:phospho-Cdc2 complexes, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_104386 Phosphorylation and activation of eIF4B by activated S6K1, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_104523 Inactivation of Wee1 kinase, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_104644 Regulation of KIF20A (MKL2) by phosphorylation, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_104687 Phosphorylation of L1 by CK-II, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_104730 Activation of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) by PLK1, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_104822 Phosphorylation of COP1 at Ser-387 by ATM, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_104837 SOS phosphorylation and dissociation (SHC), Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_104878 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E:Cdk2 complexes by Wee-1, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_105254 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E:Cdk2 complexes by Wee-1, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_105274 Regulation of KIF20A (MKL2) by phosphorylation, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_105345 Phosphoryation of phospho- (Ser45, Thr41) beta-catenin at Ser37 by GSK-3, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_105373 Phosphorylation of phospho-(Ser45 ) at Thr 41 by GSK-3, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_105503 Phosphorylation of L1 by ERK, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_105561 Phosphorylation of complexed TSC2 by PKB, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_105569 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdc2 complexes, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_105589 Phosphorylation of p53 at ser-15 by ATM kinase, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_105664 Akt1 phosphorylates BAD protein, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_105700 Phosphorylation of PDE3B, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_105971 Phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdk2 at Tyr 15, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_105976 Partial autophosphorylation of PAK-2 at Ser-19, Ser-20, Ser-55, Ser-192, and Ser-197, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_106075 Akt1 phosphorylates BAD protein, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_106144 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E1:Cdk2 complexes by Myt1, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_106159 Wee1- mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin B1:phospho-Cdc2 complexes, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_106186 Phosphorylation of TSC2 by PKB, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_106225 Activation of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) by PLK1, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_1063 Phosphorylation of Wee1 kinase by Chk1, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_106324 Activation of Cdc25C, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_106383 Phosphorylation of L1 by ERK, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_106411 Phosphorylation and inactivation of eEF2K by activated S6K1, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_106420 Regulation of KIF23 (MKLP1) by phosphorylation, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_106500 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk2, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_106505 Phosphorylation of histone H2AX at Serine-139 by ATM at the site of DSB, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_106514 Phosphorylation of NBS1 by ATM, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_106567 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin E:Cdk2, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_106599 Intermolecular autophosphorylation of ATM within dimeric ATM complexes, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_106681 Phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdk2 at Tyr 15, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_106722 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin E:Cdk2, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_106738 SOS phosphorylation and dissociation (IRS, Crk), Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_106897 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin E:Cdk2, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_107009 Phosphorylation of Ribosomal protein S6 by activated S6K1, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_107055 Phosphorylation of Cdc25C at Ser216, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_107102 SOS phosphorylation and dissociation (IRS, Crk), Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_107243 Phosphorylation of APC component of the destruction complex, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_107247 Phosphorylation of TSC2 by PKB, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_107310 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdc2 complexes, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_107424 Inactivation of Myt1 kinase, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_107623 Phosphorylation of histone H2AX at Serine-139 by ATM at the site of DSB, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_107685 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E:Cdk2 complexes by Wee-1, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_107732 Phosphorylation of the Emi1 DSGxxS degron by Plk1, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_107736 Phosphorylation of Cdc25C at Ser216, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_107787 Phosphorylation and activation of CHK2 by ATM, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_107849 Phosphorylation of DLC2 by MAPK-8, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_107854 Phosphorylation of Cyclin D1 at T286 by glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_108002 Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of Nlp, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_108096 Phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser45 by CK1 alpha, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_108132 Phosphorylation of Ribosomal protein S6 by activated S6K1, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_108362 Phosphorylation of proteins involved in the G1/S transition by Cyclin A:Cdk2, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_108394 Intermolecular autophosphorylation of ATM within dimeric ATM complexes, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_108520 Phosphorylation and activation of Chk1 by ATM, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_108578 Inactivation of Myt1 kinase, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_108776 Free APC/C phosphorylated by Plk1, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_108840 Phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser45 by CK1 alpha, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_108871 Free APC/C phosphorylated by Plk1, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_108971 Phosphorylation of Cyclin B1 in the CRS domain, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_108985 Phosphorylation of cPLA2 by ERK-2, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_109045 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E1:Cdk2 complexes by Myt1, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_109065 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk2, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_109117 Phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 by activated mTORC1, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_109197 SOS phosphorylation and dissociation (IRS), Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_109244 Inactivation of Myt1 kinase, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_109260 Free APC/C phosphorylated by Plk1, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_109264 SOS phosphorylation and dissociation (IRS), Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_109331 Activation of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) by PLK1, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_109367 Phosphorylation of APC component of the destruction complex, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_109549 Regulation of KIF20A (MKL2) by phosphorylation, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_109641 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdk2, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_109769 Free APC/C phosphorylated by Plk1, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_109799 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E:Cdk2 complexes by Wee-1, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_110175 Phosphorylation of MDC1/NFBD1 by ATM (within 2 c-term BRCT domains), Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_110254 Phosphorylation of APC component of the destruction complex, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_110296 Phosphorylation and activation of Chk1 by ATM, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_110351 Phosphorylation and inactivation of eEF2K by activated S6K1, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_110382 Phosphorylation of MDC1/NFBD1 by ATM (within 2 c-term BRCT domains), Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_110530 Down Regulation of Emi1 through Phosphorylation of Emi1, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_110583 Phosphorylation of DLC2 by MAPK-8, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_110643 Mcm2-7 is phosphorylated by DDK, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_110679 Phosphorylation of histone H2AX at Serine-139 by ATM at the site of DSB, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_110774 Inactivation of Myt1 kinase, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_110775 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 in response to DNA damage, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_110947 Regulation of KIF23 (MKLP1) by phosphorylation, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_110995 Phosphorylation and activation of eIF4G by activated S6K1, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_111124 FGFR associated PI3K phosphorylates PIP2 to PIP3, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_111171 FGFR-associated PI3K phosphorylates PIP2 to PIP3, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_1116 Intermolecular autophosphorylation of ATM within dimeric ATM complexes, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_111930 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk2, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_1120 Regulation of KIF20A (MKL2) by phosphorylation, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_112075 Mcm2-7 is phosphorylated by DDK, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_112101 Phosphorylation of L1 by CK-II, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_112156 Phosphorylation of AKT2 by PDK1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_112214 Hyperphosphorylation (Ser2) of RNA Pol II CTD by P-TEFb complex, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_112270 Akt1 phosphorylates BAD protein, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_112298 Autophosphorylation of DNA-PKcs, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_112324 Phosphorylation and activation of eIF4G by activated S6K1, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_112360 Regulation of KIF23 (MKLP1) by phosphorylation, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_112413 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk2, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_112480 Inactivation of Wee1 kinase, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_112545 Phosphorylation and activation of eIF4G by activated S6K1, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_112633 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin E:Cdk2, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_112709 Phosphorylation of L1 by ERK, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_112722 Hyperphosphorylation (Ser2) of RNA Pol II CTD by P-TEFb complex, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_112790 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 in response to DNA damage, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_112846 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E1:Cdk2 complexes by Myt1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_112892 Phosphorylation of BRCA1 at multiple sites by ATM, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_112948 Autophosphorylation of DNA-PKcs, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_113022 Phosphorylation of Cyclin B1 in the CRS domain, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_113051 Phosphorylation of Cyclin D1 at T286 by glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_113121 Phosphorylation and activation of eIF4B by activated S6K1, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_113227 Phosphorylation of Ribosomal protein S6 by activated S6K1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_113244 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin E:Cdk2, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_113269 Activation of S6K1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_113435 Phosphorylation of Cyclin D1 at T286 by glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_113527 Autophosphorylation of DNA-PKcs, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_113569 Activation of Cdc25C, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_113811 Phosphorylation of Ribosomal protein S6 by activated S6K1, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_113820 Phosphorylation of Cyclin B1 in the CRS domain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_113894 PIP2 conversion to PIP3, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_113929 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk1, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_113990 Activation of Cdc25C, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_114160 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin B1:Cdc2 complexes, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_114198 Phosphorylation of the Scc1:Cohesion Complex, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_114207 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk1, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_114227 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E1:Cdk2 complexes by Myt1, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_114233 Autophosphorylation of DNA-PKcs, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_114255 Autophosphorylation of DNA-PKcs, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_114268 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 in response to DNA damage, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_114280 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 in response to DNA damage, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_114319 Hyperphosphorylation (Ser2) of RNA Pol II CTD by P-TEFb complex, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_114323 Activation of Cdc25C, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_114395 Phosphorylation of DLC1 by MAPK 8, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_114434 Autophosphorylation of DNA-PKcs, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_114461 Phosphorylation of AKT2 by PDK1, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_114522 Phosphorylation of BRCA1 at multiple sites by ATM, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_114553 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_114599 Phosphorylation of TSC2 by PKB, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_114624 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E1:Cdk2 complexes by Myt1, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_114771 Phosphorylation of Ribosomal protein S6 by activated S6K1, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_114906 Phosphorylation and activation of eIF4G by activated S6K1, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_114984 Autophosphorylation of DNA-PKcs, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_115006 Phosphorylation of Cyclin D1 at T286 by glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_115135 Phosphorylation and activation of eIF4G by activated S6K1, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_115168 Autophosphorylation of DNA-PKcs, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_115199 Autophosphorylation of DNA-PKcs, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_115358 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E:Cdk2 complexes by Wee-1, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_115384 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin B1:Cdc2 complexes, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_115440 Hyperphosphorylation (Ser2) of RNA Pol II CTD by P-TEFb complex, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_115472 Phosphorylation of the SA2 Cohesin Complex, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_115475 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin E:Cdk2, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_115521 Autophosphorylation of DNA-PKcs, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_115527 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 by Chk2, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_115747 Phosphorylation of H2AX at S139 by ATM at the site of DSB, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_116149 Phosphorylation of RAD51 by tyrosine kinase Abelson family protein members, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_118137 Phosphorylation of the Scc1:Cohesion Complex, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_118229 Phosphorylation of the SA2 Cohesin Complex, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_118284 Phosphorylation of the Scc1:Cohesion Complex, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_118307 Phosphorylation of the SA2 Cohesin Complex, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_118367 Phosphorylation of the Scc1:Cohesion Complex, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_118462 Phosphorylation of the SA2 Cohesin Complex, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_1185 Phosphorylation (Ser5) of RNA pol II CTD, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_1279 Cdc6 protein is phosphorylated by CDK, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_128 Phosphorylation of Cdc25C at Ser216, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_132 Phosphorylation of Cyclin D1 at T286 by glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_1326 Regulation of NUDC by phosphorylation, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_13431 Partial autophosphorylation of PAK-2 at Ser-19, Ser-20, Ser-55, Ser-192, and Ser-197, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_13581 Partial autophosphorylation of PAK-2 at Ser-19, Ser-20, Ser-55, Ser-192, and Ser-197, Oryctolagus cuniculus Reactome:REACT_1362 Phosphorylation of the Scc1:Cohesion Complex, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_13817 Autophosphorylation of PAK-2p34, Oryctolagus cuniculus Reactome:REACT_1382 Phosphorylation of PDE3B by AKT-1, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_13820 Autophosphorylation of PAK-2p34 in the activation loop, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_1420 SOS phosphorylation and dissociation (SHC), Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_1481 Phosphorylation of the SA2 Cohesin Complex, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_1517 Phosphorylation of histone H2AX at Serine-139 by ATM at the site of DSB, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_15386 Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of Nlp, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_1603 Phosphorylation and activation of CHK2 by ATM, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_1657 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E1:Cdk2 complexes by Myt1, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_1680 Phosphorylation of Cdc25A at Ser-123 in response to DNA damage, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_169 SOS phosphorylation and dissociation (IRS), Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_1727 RAF1 phosphorylates MEK2, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_1756 Phosphorylation of p53 at ser-15 by ATM kinase, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_1782 Phosphorylation of MDC1/NFBD1 by ATM (within 2 c-term BRCT domains), Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_1808 Activation of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) by PLK1, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_1878 Phosphorylation of PDE3B, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_188 Akt1 phosphorylates BAD protein, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_1888 Phosphorylation of DLC1 by MAPK 8, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_1930 Regulation of KIF23 (MKLP1) by phosphorylation, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_19312 Phosphorylation of PD-1, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_1944 Inactivation of Wee1 kinase, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_1981 Phosphorylation of DLC2 by MAPK-8, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_2009 Phosphorylation of NBS1 by ATM, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_203 Raf1 phosphorylates MEK1, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_20503 Phosphorylation of CREB by ribosomal protein S6 kinase, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_20543 Phosphorylation of COP1 at Ser-387 by ATM, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_20562 Phosphorylation by MAPK/ERK, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_20578 Raf activation, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_20583 Phosphorylation of CREB by PKA, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_20631 Activation of MAPK, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_20640 Phophorylation by PDK1, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_2066 Hyperphosphorylation (Ser2) of RNA Pol II CTD by P-TEFb complex, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_2111 Orc1 is phosphorylated by cyclin A/CDK2, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_2119 Activation of Cdc25C, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_215 Autophosphorylation of DNA-PKcs, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_22099 Phosphorylation of L1 by ERK, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_22378 Phosphorylation of L1 by CK-II, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_23976 Raf1 phosphorylates MEK2, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_23990 Phosphorylation of cPLA2 by ERK-2, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_244 PIP2 conversion to PIP3, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_26 SOS phosphorylation and dissociation (IRS, Crk), Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_264 Phosphorylation of Wee1 kinase by Chk1, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_28054 Phosphorylation of BRCA1 at multiple sites by ATM, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_28091 Inactivation of Wee1 kinase, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_28113 RAF1 phosphorylates MEK1, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_28163 Phosphorylation of MDC1/NFBD1 by ATM (within 2 c-term BRCT domains), Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_28264 Phosphorylation of Wee1 kinase by Chk1, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_28480 Phosphorylation of Ribosomal protein S6 by activated S6K1, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_28555 Activation of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) by PLK1, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_28681 Phosphorylation of Cyclin E:Cdk2 complexes by Wee-1, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_28719 Phosphorylation and activation of eIF4B by activated S6K1, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_28743 RAF1 phosphorylates MEK2, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_28746 Phosphorylation of MDM2 at serine-395 by ATM kinase, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_28824 Down Regulation of Emi1 through Phosphorylation of Emi1, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_29029 Phosphorylation of L1 by ERK, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_29168 Phosphorylation of Cyclin A:Cdk2 at Tyr 15, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_29201 Partial autophosphorylation of PAK-2 at Ser-19, Ser-20, Ser-55, Ser-192, and Ser-197, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_29213 Activation of Cdc25C, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_29277 CAK-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin B1:Cdc2 complexes, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_29284 Phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser45 by CK1 alpha, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_29289 Activation of S6K1, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_29300 Phosphorylation of L1 by ERK, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_29334 Phosphorylation of Ribosomal protein S6 by activated S6K1, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_29395 Phosphorylation of AKT2 by PDK1, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_29396 Orc1 is phosphorylated by cyclin A/CDK2, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_29410 Regulation of KIF20A (MKL2) by phosphorylation, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_29451 Phosphorylation of Cyclin D1 at T286 by glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_29588 Phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 by activated mTORC1, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_29614 Regulation of NUDC by phosphorylation, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_29689 Cdc6 protein is phosphorylated by CDK, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_29694 Phosphorylation of PDE3B, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_29759 Hyperphosphorylation (Ser2) of RNA Pol II CTD by P-TEFb complex, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_29788 Wee1-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin A:phospho-Cdc2 complexes, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_29873 Phosphorylation of APC component of the destruction complex, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_29914 Down Regulation of Emi1 through Phosphorylation of Emi1, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_30020 Phosphorylation (Ser5) of RNA pol II CTD, Rattus norvegicus Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced. EC:1 Reactome:REACT_102858 Reactome:REACT_102973 Reactome:REACT_103874 Reactome:REACT_104604 Reactome:REACT_105062 Reactome:REACT_105121 Reactome:REACT_106088 Reactome:REACT_106276 Reactome:REACT_107002 Reactome:REACT_107467 Reactome:REACT_108745 Reactome:REACT_109500 Reactome:REACT_110582 Reactome:REACT_115316 Reactome:REACT_15389 Reactome:REACT_15410 Reactome:REACT_17006 Reactome:REACT_17042 Reactome:REACT_29212 Reactome:REACT_30160 Reactome:REACT_31762 Reactome:REACT_32960 Reactome:REACT_34705 Reactome:REACT_44470 Reactome:REACT_78923 Reactome:REACT_84842 Reactome:REACT_86178 Reactome:REACT_88304 Reactome:REACT_89057 Reactome:REACT_90394 Reactome:REACT_91638 Reactome:REACT_91952 Reactome:REACT_92075 Reactome:REACT_92434 Reactome:REACT_93539 Reactome:REACT_93974 Reactome:REACT_95169 Reactome:REACT_95558 Reactome:REACT_95573 Reactome:REACT_97234 Reactome:REACT_97568 Reactome:REACT_97851 Reactome:REACT_98022 Reactome:REACT_99085 Reactome:REACT_99794 Reactome:REACT_99989 redox activity oxidoreductase activity, acting on other substrates molecular_function GO:0016491 Note that enzymes of class EC:1.97.-.- should also be annotated to this term. oxidoreductase activity Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced. GOC:go_curators Reactome:REACT_102858 Diiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_102973 palmitoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ => hexadecanol + 2 NADP+ [FAR1], Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_103874 Monoiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_104604 palmitoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ => hexadecanol + 2 NADP+ [FAR1], Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_105062 Monoiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_105121 Monoiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_106088 palmitoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ => hexadecanol + 2 NADP+ [FAR1], Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_106276 Monoiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_107002 palmitoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ => hexadecanol + 2 NADP+ [FAR2], Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_107467 palmitoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ => hexadecanol + 2 NADP+ [FAR2], Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_108745 palmitoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ => hexadecanol + 2 NADP+ [FAR1], Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_109500 Monoiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_110582 Diiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_115316 palmitoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ => hexadecanol + 2 NADP+ [FAR1], Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_15389 Monoiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_15410 Diiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_17006 palmitoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ => hexadecanol + 2 NADP+ [FAR1], Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_17042 palmitoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ => hexadecanol + 2 NADP+ [FAR2], Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_29212 Diiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_30160 palmitoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ => hexadecanol + 2 NADP+ [FAR2], Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_31762 palmitoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ => hexadecanol + 2 NADP+ [FAR1], Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_32960 palmitoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ => hexadecanol + 2 NADP+ [FAR1], Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_34705 palmitoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ => hexadecanol + 2 NADP+ [FAR1], Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_44470 Monoiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_78923 palmitoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ => hexadecanol + 2 NADP+ [FAR2], Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_84842 Diiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_86178 Monoiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_88304 palmitoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ => hexadecanol + 2 NADP+ [FAR2], Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_89057 palmitoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ => hexadecanol + 2 NADP+ [FAR2], Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_90394 Diiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_91638 palmitoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ => hexadecanol + 2 NADP+ [FAR1], Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_91952 Monoiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_92075 palmitoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ => hexadecanol + 2 NADP+ [FAR1], Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_92434 palmitoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ => hexadecanol + 2 NADP+ [FAR2], Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_93539 Diiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_93974 Diiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_95169 palmitoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ => hexadecanol + 2 NADP+ [FAR2], Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_95558 Monoiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_95573 palmitoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ => hexadecanol + 2 NADP+ [FAR1], Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_97234 Diiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_97568 Diiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_97851 Diiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_98022 Monoiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_99085 palmitoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ => hexadecanol + 2 NADP+ [FAR1], Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_99794 Diiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_99989 Monoiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated, Taeniopygia guttata Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). GO:0008415 EC:2.3 acyltransferase activity molecular_function GO:0016746 transferase activity, transferring acyl groups Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). GO:0016932 EC:2.4 glycosyltransferase activity transglycosidase activity transglycosylase activity transferase activity, transferring other glycosyl groups molecular_function GO:0016757 Note that enzymes of class EC:2.4.99.- should also be annotated to this term. transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 Catalysis of the transfer of an alkyl or aryl (but not methyl) group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). GO:0016766 EC:2.5 EC:2.5.1 transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl groups, other than methyl groups molecular_function GO:0016765 transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl (other than methyl) groups Catalysis of the transfer of an alkyl or aryl (but not methyl) group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleotidyl group to a reactant. EC:2.7.7 molecular_function GO:0016779 nucleotidyltransferase activity Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleotidyl group to a reactant. ISBN:0198506732 Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate. GO:0003869 GO:0016302 EC:3.1.3 EC:3.1.3.41 MetaCyc:4-NITROPHENYLPHOSPHATASE-RXN RHEA:21664 phosphoric monoester hydrolase activity 4-nitrophenylphosphatase activity 4-nitrophenylphosphate phosphohydrolase activity K-pNPPase activity NPPase activity PNPPase activity ecto-p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity nitrophenyl phosphatase activity p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity p-nitrophenylphosphate phosphohydrolase activity para-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity molecular_function phosphatase GO:0016791 phosphatase activity Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate. EC:3.1.3 EC:3.1.3.41 GOC:curators GOC:pg 4-nitrophenylphosphate phosphohydrolase activity EC:3.1.3.41 K-pNPPase activity EC:3.1.3.41 NPPase activity EC:3.1.3.41 PNPPase activity EC:3.1.3.41 ecto-p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity EC:3.1.3.41 nitrophenyl phosphatase activity EC:3.1.3.41 p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity EC:3.1.3.41 p-nitrophenylphosphate phosphohydrolase activity EC:3.1.3.41 para-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity EC:3.1.3.41 Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any glycosyl bond. EC:3.2 glycosidase activity N-glycosylase glycosylase molecular_function GO:0016798 hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any glycosyl bond. GOC:jl Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any carbon-nitrogen bond, C-N, with the exception of peptide bonds. EC:3.5 Reactome:REACT_27208 hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in other compounds molecular_function GO:0016810 Note that enzymes of class EC:3.5.99.- should also be annotated to this term. hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any carbon-nitrogen bond, C-N, with the exception of peptide bonds. GOC:jl Reactome:REACT_27208 acetylglucosamine-inositol is deacetylated by Mca, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring. EC:4 other lyase activity molecular_function GO:0016829 Note that enzymes of class EC:4.99.-.- should also be annotated to this term. lyase activity Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring. EC:4.-.-.- ISBN:0198547684 Catalysis of the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5. EC:5 other isomerase activity molecular_function GO:0016853 Note that enzymes of class EC:5.99.-.- should also be annotated to this term. isomerase activity Catalysis of the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5. ISBN:0198506732 Catalysis of the joining of two substances, or two groups within a single molecule, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate. EC:6 Reactome:REACT_115603 Reactome:REACT_116018 synthetase activity molecular_function GO:0016874 ligase activity Catalysis of the joining of two substances, or two groups within a single molecule, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate. EC:6 GOC:mah Reactome:REACT_115603 Ligation of DNA at sites of patch replacement, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_116018 Ligation of newly synthesized repair patch to incised DNA in GG-NER, Gallus gallus synthetase activity GOC:jh2 Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate + 2 H+. May or may not be coupled to another reaction. GO:0004002 EC:3.6.1.3 MetaCyc:ADENOSINETRIPHOSPHATASE-RXN RHEA:13065 Reactome:REACT_100141 Reactome:REACT_108873 Reactome:REACT_110992 Reactome:REACT_113271 Reactome:REACT_18320 Reactome:REACT_27184 Reactome:REACT_33329 Reactome:REACT_79964 Reactome:REACT_84196 Reactome:REACT_87020 Reactome:REACT_89934 ATP hydrolase activity ATP monophosphatase activity ATP phosphohydrolase activity adenosine 5'-triphosphatase activity adenosine triphosphatase activity adenosinetriphosphatase activity (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase HCO3--ATPase molecular_function SV40 T-antigen complex V (mitochondrial electron transport) GO:0016887 ATPase activity Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate + 2 H+. May or may not be coupled to another reaction. EC:3.6.1.3 GOC:jl Reactome:REACT_100141 Trafficking of GluR2-containing AMPA receptors to synapse, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_108873 Trafficking of GluR2-containing AMPA receptors to synapse, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_110992 Trafficking of GluR2-containing AMPA receptors to synapse, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_113271 Trafficking of GluR2-containing AMPA receptors to synapse, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_18320 Trafficking of GluR2-containing AMPA receptors to synapse, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_27184 ESCRT Disassembly, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_33329 Trafficking of GluR2-containing AMPA receptors to synapse, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_79964 Trafficking of GluR2-containing AMPA receptors to synapse, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_84196 Trafficking of GluR2-containing AMPA receptors to synapse, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_87020 Trafficking of GluR2-containing AMPA receptors to synapse, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_89934 Trafficking of GluR2-containing AMPA receptors to synapse, Taeniopygia guttata ATP hydrolase activity EC:3.6.1.3 ATP monophosphatase activity EC:3.6.1.3 adenosine 5'-triphosphatase activity EC:3.6.1.3 adenosine triphosphatase activity EC:3.6.1.3 (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase EC:3.6.1.3 HCO3--ATPase EC:3.6.1.3 SV40 T-antigen EC:3.6.1.3 complex V (mitochondrial electron transport) EC:3.6.1.3 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in many of the chemical changes of compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. In multicellular organisms secondary metabolism is generally carried out in specific cell types, and may be useful for the organism as a whole. In unicellular organisms, secondary metabolism is often used for the production of antibiotics or for the utilization and acquisition of unusual nutrients. Wikipedia:Secondary_metabolism secondary metabolism secondary metabolite metabolic process secondary metabolite metabolism biological_process GO:0019748 secondary metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in many of the chemical changes of compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. In multicellular organisms secondary metabolism is generally carried out in specific cell types, and may be useful for the organism as a whole. In unicellular organisms, secondary metabolism is often used for the production of antibiotics or for the utilization and acquisition of unusual nutrients. GOC:go_curators Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ribosomal RNA. molecular_function GO:0019843 rRNA binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ribosomal RNA. GOC:jl Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme. molecular_function GO:0019899 enzyme binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme. GOC:jl A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure, cell or cellular component to attain its fully functional state. biological_process GO:0021700 This term was added by GO_REF:0000021. developmental maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure, cell or cellular component to attain its fully functional state. GOC:cls GOC:dgh GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:mtg_15jun06 GO_REF:0000021 The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component. GO:0071844 cell structure assembly cellular component assembly at cellular level biological_process GO:0022607 cellular component assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component. GOC:isa_complete The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a ribonucleoprotein complex. RNA-protein complex assembly RNP complex assembly protein-RNA complex assembly biological_process GO:0022618 ribonucleoprotein complex assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a ribonucleoprotein complex. GOC:jl Enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other. GO:0005386 GO:0015563 GO:0015646 GO:0022891 GO:0022892 Reactome:REACT_100033 Reactome:REACT_106735 Reactome:REACT_111088 Reactome:REACT_111933 Reactome:REACT_113047 Reactome:REACT_113116 Reactome:REACT_113829 Reactome:REACT_114161 Reactome:REACT_19288 Reactome:REACT_77235 Reactome:REACT_81225 Reactome:REACT_88503 Reactome:REACT_91849 Reactome:REACT_94185 substrate-specific transporter activity molecular_function substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity uptake permease activity uptake transmembrane transporter activity GO:0022857 transmembrane transporter activity Enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other. GOC:jid GOC:mtg_transport ISBN:0815340729 Reactome:REACT_100033 GLUT9 transports glucose, fructose and urate, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_106735 GLUT9 transports glucose, fructose and urate, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_111088 Egress of internalized antigen to the cytosol via sec61, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_111933 GLUT9 transports glucose, fructose and urate, Plasmodium falciparum Reactome:REACT_113047 GLUT9 transports glucose, fructose and urate, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_113116 GLUT9 transports glucose, fructose and urate, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reactome:REACT_113829 GLUT9 transports glucose, fructose and urate, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_114161 GLUT9 transports glucose, fructose and urate, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_19288 GLUT9 transports glucose, fructose and urate, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_77235 GLUT9 transports glucose, fructose and urate, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_81225 GLUT9 transports glucose, fructose and urate, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_88503 GLUT9 transports glucose, fructose and urate, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_91849 GLUT9 transports glucose, fructose and urate, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_94185 GLUT9 transports glucose, fructose and urate, Rattus norvegicus The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. Wikipedia:Cellular_differentiation biological_process GO:0030154 cell differentiation The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. ISBN:0198506732 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix. extracellular matrix organisation biological_process extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GO:0030198 extracellular matrix organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix. GOC:mah extracellular matrix organisation GOC:curators extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Binds to and modulates the activity of an enzyme. GO:0010576 catalytic regulator activity enzyme modulator metalloenzyme regulator activity molecular_function GO:0030234 GO:0030234 is reserved for cases when the regulator directly interacts with the enzyme. When regulation of enzyme activity is achieved without enzyme binding, or when the mechanism of regulation is unknown, instead annotate to 'regulation of catalytic activity ; GO:0050790'. enzyme regulator activity Binds to and modulates the activity of an enzyme. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb catalytic regulator activity GOC:dph A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell or cells. This does not include the periplasmic space. cellular_component GO:0030312 The outer membrane (of gram negative bacteria) or cell wall (of yeast or Gram positive bacteria) are defined as parts of this structure, see 'external encapsulating structure part'. external encapsulating structure A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell or cells. This does not include the periplasmic space. GOC:go_curators The codon binding activity of a tRNA that positions an activated amino acid, mediating its insertion at the correct point in the sequence of a nascent polypeptide chain during protein synthesis. molecular_function tRNA transfer RNA GO:0030533 Note that this term can be used in place of the obsolete term 'transfer RNA ; GO:0005563'. triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity The codon binding activity of a tRNA that positions an activated amino acid, mediating its insertion at the correct point in the sequence of a nascent polypeptide chain during protein synthesis. GOC:hjd GOC:mtg_MIT_16mar07 ISBN:0198506732 Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in an RNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue. molecular_function GO:0030555 Note that this term describes the activity of a nucleic acid, usually RNA, gene product that interacts with other RNA molecules via base pairing; it should not be used to annotate proteins. RNA modification guide activity Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in an RNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue. GOC:mah PMID:12457565 The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more protein molecules, or a protein and another macromolecule or complex, through a selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric interaction, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. protein-protein adaptor molecular_function GO:0030674 protein binding, bridging The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more protein molecules, or a protein and another macromolecule or complex, through a selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric interaction, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. GOC:bf GOC:mah GOC:vw The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell. biological_process GO:0030705 cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell. GOC:mah A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues. GO:0005578 NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090513 Wikipedia:Extracellular_matrix proteinaceous extracellular matrix cellular_component GO:0031012 extracellular matrix A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues. GOC:BHF GOC:mah GOC:rph NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090513 PMID:21123617 PMID:28089324 A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell. GO:0016023 NIF_Subcellular:sao180601769 cellular_component cytoplasmic membrane bounded vesicle cytoplasmic membrane-enclosed vesicle cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded vesicle GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell. GOC:ai GOC:mah GOC:vesicles Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a small conjugating protein such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein. small conjugating protein binding molecular_function GO:0032182 ubiquitin-like protein binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a small conjugating protein such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein. GOC:mah small conjugating protein binding GOC:dph Any process involved in mediating the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites. Wikipedia:Transposon biological_process GO:0032196 transposition Any process involved in mediating the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites. GOC:jp ISBN:1555812090 A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. GO:0043234 macromolecular complex macromolecule complex protein containing complex protein complex protein-protein complex cellular_component GO:0032991 A protein complex in this context is meant as a stable set of interacting proteins which can be co-purified by an acceptable method, and where the complex has been shown to exist as an isolated, functional unit in vivo. Acceptable experimental methods include stringent protein purification followed by detection of protein interaction. The following methods should be considered non-acceptable: simple immunoprecipitation, pull-down experiments from cell extracts without further purification, colocalization and 2-hybrid screening. Interactions that should not be captured as protein complexes include: 1) enzyme/substrate, receptor/ligand or any similar transient interactions, unless these are a critical part of the complex assembly or are required e.g. for the receptor to be functional; 2) proteins associated in a pull-down/co-immunoprecipitation assay with no functional link or any evidence that this is a defined biological entity rather than a loose-affinity complex; 3) any complex where the only evidence is based on genetic interaction data; 4) partial complexes, where some subunits (e.g. transmembrane ones) cannot be expressed as recombinant proteins and are excluded from experiments (in this case, independent evidence is necessary to find out the composition of the full complex, if known). Interactions that may be captured as protein complexes include: 1) enzyme/substrate or receptor/ligand if the complex can only assemble and become functional in the presence of both classes of subunits; 2) complexes where one of the members has not been shown to be physically linked to the other(s), but is a homologue of, and has the same functionality as, a protein that has been experimentally demonstrated to form a complex with the other member(s); 3) complexes whose existence is accepted based on localization and pharmacological studies, but for which experimental evidence is not yet available for the complex as a whole. protein-containing complex A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. GOC:dos GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell junction. A cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. cell junction assembly and maintenance cell junction organisation biological_process cell junction biogenesis GO:0034330 cell junction organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell junction. A cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah cell junction organisation GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells. Reactome:REACT_102000 Reactome:REACT_103710 Reactome:REACT_107293 Reactome:REACT_108179 Reactome:REACT_109042 Reactome:REACT_13 Reactome:REACT_28699 Reactome:REACT_29108 Reactome:REACT_32429 Reactome:REACT_33347 Reactome:REACT_34326 Reactome:REACT_55564 Reactome:REACT_77741 Reactome:REACT_82379 Reactome:REACT_86268 Reactome:REACT_90299 Reactome:REACT_91959 Reactome:REACT_93580 Reactome:REACT_95666 Reactome:REACT_98086 Reactome:REACT_99241 cellular nitrogen compound metabolism biological_process GO:0034641 cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah Reactome:REACT_102000 Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reactome:REACT_103710 Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, Escherichia coli Reactome:REACT_107293 Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_108179 Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_109042 Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_13 Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_28699 Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_29108 Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_32429 Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_33347 Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_34326 Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, Staphylococcus aureus N315 Reactome:REACT_55564 Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_77741 Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_82379 Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_86268 Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_90299 Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_91959 Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, Plasmodium falciparum Reactome:REACT_93580 Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_95666 Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_98086 Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_99241 Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, Schizosaccharomyces pombe The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid breakdown nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolism nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid degradation biological_process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolic process GO:0034655 nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GOC:mah nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolic process GOC:dph GOC:tb The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. GO:0048590 biological_process growth pattern non-developmental growth GO:0040007 See also the biological process term 'cell growth ; GO:0016049'. growth The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. GOC:bf GOC:ma non-developmental growth GOC:mah Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another. biological_process GO:0040011 locomotion Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another. GOC:dgh A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis. GO:0007046 ribosome biogenesis and assembly biological_process GO:0042254 ribosome biogenesis A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis. GOC:ma PMID:26404467 Wikipedia:Ribosome_biogenesis Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a histone, any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of eukaroytic chromosomes. They are involved in the condensation and coiling of chromosomes during cell division and have also been implicated in nonspecific suppression of gene activity. molecular_function histone-specific chaperone activity GO:0042393 histone binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a histone, any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of eukaroytic chromosomes. They are involved in the condensation and coiling of chromosomes during cell division and have also been implicated in nonspecific suppression of gene activity. GOC:jl Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state. GO:0032844 GO:0032845 GO:0032846 homeostasis activation of homeostatic process inhibition of homeostatic process biological_process negative regulation of homeostatic process positive regulation of homeostatic process regulation of homeostatic process GO:0042592 homeostatic process Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state. GOC:jl ISBN:0395825172 Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ions, charged atoms or groups of atoms. molecular_function atom binding GO:0043167 ion binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ions, charged atoms or groups of atoms. GOC:jl Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. NIF_Subcellular:sao1539965131 Wikipedia:Organelle cellular_component GO:0043226 organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:go_curators The accumulation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell, either by increased deposition or by increased number of cells. biological_process GO:0043473 pigmentation The accumulation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell, either by increased deposition or by increased number of cells. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. jane 2010-01-26T12:05:20Z Reactome:REACT_111217 Reactome:REACT_112077 Reactome:REACT_112140 Reactome:REACT_112621 Reactome:REACT_112912 Reactome:REACT_113131 Reactome:REACT_113305 Reactome:REACT_113457 Reactome:REACT_113568 Reactome:REACT_113610 Reactome:REACT_113934 Reactome:REACT_114081 Reactome:REACT_114137 Reactome:REACT_114421 Reactome:REACT_114473 Reactome:REACT_114495 Reactome:REACT_114668 Reactome:REACT_114983 Reactome:REACT_115063 Reactome:REACT_115388 Reactome:REACT_115420 Reactome:REACT_115655 small molecule metabolism biological_process GO:0044281 Small molecules in GO include monosaccharides but exclude disaccharides and polysaccharides. small molecule metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. GOC:curators GOC:pde GOC:vw Reactome:REACT_111217 Metabolism, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_112077 Metabolism, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_112140 Metabolism, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_112621 Metabolism, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_112912 Metabolism, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_113131 Metabolism, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_113305 Metabolism, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_113457 Metabolism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reactome:REACT_113568 Metabolism, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_113610 Metabolism, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_113934 Metabolism, Escherichia coli Reactome:REACT_114081 Metabolism, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_114137 Metabolism, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_114421 Metabolism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_114473 Metabolism, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_114495 Metabolism, Staphylococcus aureus N315 Reactome:REACT_114668 Metabolism, Plasmodium falciparum Reactome:REACT_114983 Metabolism, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_115063 Metabolism, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_115388 Metabolism, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_115420 Metabolism, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_115655 Metabolism, Gallus gallus A process carried out by symbiont gene products that enables a symbiotic interaction with a host organism. The various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, in which the association is disadvantageous or destructive to one of the organisms; mutualism, in which the association is advantageous, or often necessary to one or both and not harmful to either; and commensalism, in which one member of the association benefits while the other is not affected. However, mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism are often not discrete categories of interactions and should rather be perceived as a continuum of interaction ranging from parasitism to mutualism. In fact, the direction of a symbiotic interaction can change during the lifetime of the symbionts due to developmental changes as well as changes in the biotic/abiotic environment in which the interaction occurs. Microscopic symbionts are often referred to as endosymbionts. GO:0043298 GO:0044404 GO:0072519 GO:0085031 commensalism host-pathogen interaction parasitism biological_process symbiosis symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism symbiotic interaction symbiotic interaction between host and organism symbiotic interaction between organisms symbiotic interaction between species GO:0044403 Changed term, definition see https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14807 symbiont process A process carried out by symbiont gene products that enables a symbiotic interaction with a host organism. The various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, in which the association is disadvantageous or destructive to one of the organisms; mutualism, in which the association is advantageous, or often necessary to one or both and not harmful to either; and commensalism, in which one member of the association benefits while the other is not affected. However, mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism are often not discrete categories of interactions and should rather be perceived as a continuum of interaction ranging from parasitism to mutualism. In fact, the direction of a symbiotic interaction can change during the lifetime of the symbionts due to developmental changes as well as changes in the biotic/abiotic environment in which the interaction occurs. Microscopic symbionts are often referred to as endosymbionts. GOC:cc https://study.com/academy/lesson/symbiont-definition-lesson-quiz.html The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis biological_process GO:0048646 Note that, for example, the formation of a pseudopod in an amoeba would not be considered formation involved in morphogenesis because it would not be thought of as the formation of an anatomical structure that was part of the shaping of the amoeba during its development. The formation of an axon from a neuron would be considered the formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis because it contributes to the creation of the form of the neuron in a developmental sense. anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:tb formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis GOC:dph GOC:tb The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. development of an anatomical structure biological_process GO:0048856 This term was added by GO_REF:0000021. anatomical structure development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. GOC:mtg_15jun06 GO_REF:0000021 Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another. cell locomotion movement of a cell biological_process cell movement GO:0048870 cell motility Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another. GOC:dgh GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:mlg A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system. neurological system process neurophysiological process biological_process pan-neural process GO:0050877 Discussion of class label and synonyms: https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13824 nervous system process A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system. GOC:ai GOC:mtg_cardio Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an unfolded protein. binding unfolded ER proteins molecular_function chaperone activity fimbrium-specific chaperone activity glycoprotein-specific chaperone activity histone-specific chaperone activity ribosomal chaperone activity tubulin-specific chaperone activity GO:0051082 unfolded protein binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an unfolded protein. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. Cofactors may be inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in certain forms, or organic, in which case they are referred to as coenzymes. Cofactors may either be bound tightly to active sites or bind loosely with the substrate. cofactor metabolism biological_process GO:0051186 cofactor metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. Cofactors may be inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in certain forms, or organic, in which case they are referred to as coenzymes. Cofactors may either be bound tightly to active sites or bind loosely with the substrate. GOC:ai A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome. GO:0007001 GO:0051277 chromosome organisation biological_process chromosome organization and biogenesis maintenance of genome integrity nuclear genome maintenance GO:0051276 chromosome organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah chromosome organization and biogenesis GOC:mah The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells. Wikipedia:Cell_division biological_process GO:0051301 Note that this term differs from 'cytokinesis ; GO:0000910' in that cytokinesis does not include nuclear division. cell division The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells. GOC:di GOC:go_curators GOC:pr Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. biological_process GO:0051604 protein maturation Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. GOC:ai The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. Reactome:REACT_100480 Reactome:REACT_101577 Reactome:REACT_101877 Reactome:REACT_101975 Reactome:REACT_102348 Reactome:REACT_102897 Reactome:REACT_102974 Reactome:REACT_104555 Reactome:REACT_108243 Reactome:REACT_109832 Reactome:REACT_110770 Reactome:REACT_114546 Reactome:REACT_114763 Reactome:REACT_114890 Reactome:REACT_115378 Reactome:REACT_15480 Reactome:REACT_15518 Reactome:REACT_19118 Reactome:REACT_29093 Reactome:REACT_29184 Reactome:REACT_29635 Reactome:REACT_30969 Reactome:REACT_32055 Reactome:REACT_32223 Reactome:REACT_32423 Reactome:REACT_32713 Reactome:REACT_33571 Reactome:REACT_61245 Reactome:REACT_79086 Reactome:REACT_79921 Reactome:REACT_80022 Reactome:REACT_80510 Reactome:REACT_80848 Reactome:REACT_80977 Reactome:REACT_81024 Reactome:REACT_81153 Reactome:REACT_82725 Reactome:REACT_83770 Reactome:REACT_86135 Reactome:REACT_86409 Reactome:REACT_86576 Reactome:REACT_87124 Reactome:REACT_88059 Reactome:REACT_88521 Reactome:REACT_88894 Reactome:REACT_89376 Reactome:REACT_91272 Reactome:REACT_91803 Reactome:REACT_92006 Reactome:REACT_92624 Reactome:REACT_93747 Reactome:REACT_94160 Reactome:REACT_94393 Reactome:REACT_94944 Reactome:REACT_94972 Reactome:REACT_96633 Reactome:REACT_96636 Reactome:REACT_97365 Reactome:REACT_97867 Reactome:REACT_98509 Reactome:REACT_98716 Reactome:REACT_99579 Reactome:REACT_99829 membrane transport biological_process GO:0055085 Transmembrane transport requires transport of a solute across a lipid bilayer. Note that transport through the nuclear pore complex is not transmembrane because the nuclear membrane is a double membrane and is not traversed. For transport through the nuclear pore, consider instead the term 'nucleocytoplasmic transport ; GO:0006913' and its children. Note also that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. transmembrane transport The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. GOC:dph GOC:jid Reactome:REACT_100480 SLC-mediated transmembrane transport, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_101577 SLC-mediated transmembrane transport, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_101877 SLC-mediated transmembrane transport, Escherichia coli Reactome:REACT_101975 SLC-mediated transmembrane transport, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_102348 Transmembrane transport of small molecules, Staphylococcus aureus N315 Reactome:REACT_102897 Transmembrane transport of small molecules, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_102974 SLC-mediated transmembrane transport, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_104555 SLC-mediated transmembrane transport, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_108243 SLC-mediated transmembrane transport, Staphylococcus aureus N315 Reactome:REACT_109832 Transmembrane transport of small molecules, Plasmodium falciparum Reactome:REACT_110770 ABC-family proteins mediated transport, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_114546 ABC-family proteins mediated transport, Staphylococcus aureus N315 Reactome:REACT_114763 ABC-family proteins mediated transport, Escherichia coli Reactome:REACT_114890 ABC-family proteins mediated transport, Plasmodium falciparum Reactome:REACT_115378 ABC-family proteins mediated transport, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reactome:REACT_15480 ABC-family proteins mediated transport, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_15518 Transmembrane transport of small molecules, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_19118 SLC-mediated transmembrane transport, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_29093 ABC-family proteins mediated transport, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_29184 SLC-mediated transmembrane transport, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_29635 Transmembrane transport of small molecules, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_30969 ABC-family proteins mediated transport, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_32055 Transmembrane transport of small molecules, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_32223 Transmembrane transport of small molecules, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_32423 SLC-mediated transmembrane transport, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_32713 ABC-family proteins mediated transport, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_33571 SLC-mediated transmembrane transport, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_61245 Transmembrane transport of small molecules, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_79086 SLC-mediated transmembrane transport, Plasmodium falciparum Reactome:REACT_79921 SLC-mediated transmembrane transport, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_80022 ABC-family proteins mediated transport, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_80510 ABC-family proteins mediated transport, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_80848 ABC-family proteins mediated transport, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_80977 ABC-family proteins mediated transport, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_81024 Transmembrane transport of small molecules, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_81153 SLC-mediated transmembrane transport, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_82725 SLC-mediated transmembrane transport, Rattus norvegicus Reactome:REACT_83770 Transmembrane transport of small molecules, Escherichia coli Reactome:REACT_86135 ABC-family proteins mediated transport, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_86409 Transmembrane transport of small molecules, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_86576 Transmembrane transport of small molecules, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_87124 SLC-mediated transmembrane transport, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_88059 ABC-family proteins mediated transport, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_88521 Transmembrane transport of small molecules, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_88894 Transmembrane transport of small molecules, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_89376 SLC-mediated transmembrane transport, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_91272 ABC-family proteins mediated transport, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_91803 SLC-mediated transmembrane transport, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reactome:REACT_92006 Transmembrane transport of small molecules, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reactome:REACT_92624 ABC-family proteins mediated transport, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_93747 Transmembrane transport of small molecules, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_94160 Transmembrane transport of small molecules, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_94393 ABC-family proteins mediated transport, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_94944 ABC-family proteins mediated transport, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_94972 SLC-mediated transmembrane transport, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_96633 Transmembrane transport of small molecules, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_96636 SLC-mediated transmembrane transport, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_97365 Transmembrane transport of small molecules, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_97867 ABC-family proteins mediated transport, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_98509 Transmembrane transport of small molecules, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_98716 SLC-mediated transmembrane transport, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_99579 Transmembrane transport of small molecules, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_99829 ABC-family proteins mediated transport, Dictyostelium discoideum A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. janelomax 2010-02-08T02:43:11Z GO:0016044 GO:0044802 Reactome:REACT_101524 Reactome:REACT_103082 Reactome:REACT_11123 Reactome:REACT_29278 Reactome:REACT_32337 Reactome:REACT_33741 Reactome:REACT_34084 Reactome:REACT_78213 Reactome:REACT_78288 Reactome:REACT_83546 Reactome:REACT_86557 Reactome:REACT_87431 Reactome:REACT_88307 Reactome:REACT_91154 Reactome:REACT_93714 Reactome:REACT_95586 Reactome:REACT_96516 Reactome:REACT_97881 cellular membrane organisation cellular membrane organization membrane organisation biological_process membrane organization and biogenesis single-organism membrane organization GO:0061024 membrane organization A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. GOC:dph GOC:tb Reactome:REACT_101524 Membrane Trafficking, Dictyostelium discoideum Reactome:REACT_103082 Membrane Trafficking, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reactome:REACT_11123 Membrane Trafficking, Homo sapiens Reactome:REACT_29278 Membrane Trafficking, Sus scrofa Reactome:REACT_32337 Membrane Trafficking, Taeniopygia guttata Reactome:REACT_33741 Membrane Trafficking, Bos taurus Reactome:REACT_34084 Membrane Trafficking, Caenorhabditis elegans Reactome:REACT_78213 Membrane Trafficking, Plasmodium falciparum Reactome:REACT_78288 Membrane Trafficking, Xenopus tropicalis Reactome:REACT_83546 Membrane Trafficking, Oryza sativa Reactome:REACT_86557 Membrane Trafficking, Arabidopsis thaliana Reactome:REACT_87431 Membrane Trafficking, Drosophila melanogaster Reactome:REACT_88307 Membrane Trafficking, Mus musculus Reactome:REACT_91154 Membrane Trafficking, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reactome:REACT_93714 Membrane Trafficking, Danio rerio Reactome:REACT_95586 Membrane Trafficking, Gallus gallus Reactome:REACT_96516 Membrane Trafficking, Canis familiaris Reactome:REACT_97881 Membrane Trafficking, Rattus norvegicus cellular membrane organisation GOC:curators membrane organisation GOC:mah membrane organization and biogenesis GOC:mah The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a protein-containing complex. GO:0006461 biological_process chaperone activity macromolecular complex assembly macromolecule complex assembly protein complex assembly protein complex formation GO:0065003 protein-containing complex assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a protein-containing complex. GOC:jl A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell wall. midori 2010-01-13T03:19:38Z GO:0070882 cell wall organisation or biogenesis cell wall organization or biogenesis at cellular level cellular cell wall organisation or biogenesis cellular cell wall organization or biogenesis biological_process GO:0071554 cell wall organization or biogenesis A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell wall. GOC:mah cell wall organisation or biogenesis GOC:mah cell wall organization or biogenesis at cellular level GOC:mah cellular cell wall organisation or biogenesis GOC:mah A nitrogen compound metabolic process that contributes to the nitrogen cycle. The nitrogen cycle is a series of metabolic pathways by which nitrogen is converted between various forms and redox states; it encompasses pathways in which nitrogen is acted upon directly, such as nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation, and mineralization. midori 2010-09-30T05:21:03Z Wikipedia:Nitrogen_cycle biological_process GO:0071941 nitrogen cycle metabolic process A nitrogen compound metabolic process that contributes to the nitrogen cycle. The nitrogen cycle is a series of metabolic pathways by which nitrogen is converted between various forms and redox states; it encompasses pathways in which nitrogen is acted upon directly, such as nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation, and mineralization. GOC:mah PMID:16675690 Wikipedia:Nitrogen_cycle A mitotic cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell. pg 2017-03-23T14:44:23Z biological_process GO:0140014 mitotic nuclear division A mitotic cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell. ISBN:0198547684