# HISTORY 25 Mar 2016: Updated by: TOUCHUP-v1.15 15 Mar 2016: Updated by: TOUCHUP-v1.14 # molecular_function 20140212: Eumetazoa_PTN000988808 has function Rab guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity (GO:0017112) # cellular_component # biological_process # WARNINGS - THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN REMOVED FOR THE REASONS NOTED # NOTES DENN plays an inhibitory role in the signaling pathway towards programmed cell death, DENN is anti-apoptotic. Abrogation (repression/cancellation) of DENN expression by antisense DNA treatment induces marked apoptosis. EM (morphologic assessment of apoptosis) unequivocally confirmed that DENN is an anti-apoptotic gene, because its downregulation in cancer cells by anti-DENN yielded ultrastructural features that typify apoptotic cells. Overexpression of the DENN death domain strongly induces JNK activity, independently of TNF. DENN and JNK3 are distributed in the cytoplasm in normal brain cells. The recommendation is that DENN should not be annotated to this term. # REFERENCE Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees The goal of the GO Reference Genome Project, described in PMID 19578431, is to provide accurate, complete and consistent GO annotations for all genes in twelve model organism genomes. To this end, GO curators are annotating evolutionary trees from the PANTHER database with GO terms describing molecular function, biological process and cellular component. GO terms based on experimental data from the scientific literature are used to annotate ancestral genes in the phylogenetic tree by sequence similarity (ISS), and unannotated descendants of these ancestral genes are inferred to have inherited these same GO annotations by descent. The annotations are done using a tool called PAINT (Phylogenetic Annotation and INference Tool).