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        <fullName>European Bioinformatics Institute</fullName>
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        <attribute name="definition">INTerAction database (IntAct) provides an open source database and toolkit for the storage, presentation and analysis of molecular interactions.</attribute>
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        <attribute name="postaladdress">European Bioinformatics Institute; Wellcome Trust Genome Campus; Hinxton, Cambridge; CB10 1SD; United Kingdom</attribute>
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      </attributeList>
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        <names>
          <fullName>Heparin interacts with the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 and inhibits its activity.</fullName>
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            <attribute name="publication title" nameAc="MI:1091">Heparin interacts with the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 and inhibits its activity.</attribute>
            <attribute name="journal" nameAc="MI:0885">Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy</attribute>
            <attribute name="publication year" nameAc="MI:0886">2021</attribute>
            <attribute name="curation depth" nameAc="MI:0955">imex curation</attribute>
            <attribute name="imex curation" nameAc="MI:0959"/>
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              <shortLabel>in vitro</shortLabel>
              <fullName>In vitro</fullName>
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          </hostOrganism>
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            <shortLabel>protease assay</shortLabel>
            <fullName>protease assay</fullName>
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        <participantIdentificationMethod>
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            <shortLabel>predetermined</shortLabel>
            <fullName>predetermined participant</fullName>
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          <attribute name="author-list" nameAc="MI:0636">Li J., Zhang Y., Pang H., Li SJ.</attribute>
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          <attribute name="exp-modification" nameAc="MI:0627">FRET based assay:On cleavage of the peptide by the protease, the quencher (DNP) and fluorophore (MCA)  are separated resulting in a large increase in MCA fluorescence.</attribute>
          <attribute name="contact-email" nameAc="MI:0634">1120190087@mail.nankai.edu.cn, shujieli@nankai.edu.cn</attribute>
          <attribute name="accepted">Accepted 2021-DEC-16 AT 11:06 GMT AT 11:06 GMT by KALPANAP</attribute>
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          <fullName>Heparin interacts with the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 and inhibits its activity.</fullName>
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              <shortLabel>in vitro</shortLabel>
              <fullName>In vitro</fullName>
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        </hostOrganismList>
        <interactionDetectionMethod>
          <names>
            <shortLabel>fluorescence spectr</shortLabel>
            <fullName>classical fluorescence spectroscopy</fullName>
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          <attribute name="curation depth" nameAc="MI:0955">imex curation</attribute>
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    </experimentList>
    <interactorList>
      <interactor id="3">
        <names>
          <shortLabel>p0dtd1-pro_0000449623</shortLabel>
          <fullName>3C-like proteinase nsp5</fullName>
          <alias type="gene name" typeAc="MI:0301">rep</alias>
          <alias type="gene name synonym" typeAc="MI:0302">ORF1ab polyprotein</alias>
          <alias type="orf name" typeAc="MI:0306">1a-1b</alias>
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        <interactorType>
          <names>
            <shortLabel>protein</shortLabel>
            <fullName>protein</fullName>
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          <xref>
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        </interactorType>
        <organism ncbiTaxId="2697049">
          <names>
            <shortLabel>SARS-CoV-2</shortLabel>
            <fullName>SARS-CoV-2</fullName>
            <alias type="synonym" typeAc="MI:1041">SARS-CoV-2</alias>
            <alias type="synonym" typeAc="MI:1041">Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</alias>
            <alias type="synonym" typeAc="MI:1041">2019-nCoV</alias>
          </names>
        </organism>
        <sequence>SGFRKMAFPSGKVEGCMVQVTCGTTTLNGLWLDDVVYCPRHVICTSEDMLNPNYEDLLIRKSNHNFLVQAGNVQLRVIGHSMQNCVLKLKVDTANPKTPKYKFVRIQPGQTFSVLACYNGSPSGVYQCAMRPNFTIKGSFLNGSCGSVGFNIDYDCVSFCYMHHMELPTGVHAGTDLEGNFYGPFVDRQTAQAAGTDTTITVNVLAWLYAAVINGDRWFLNRFTTTLNDFNLVAMKYNYEPLTQDHVDILGPLSAQTGIAVLDMCASLKELLQNGMNGRTILGSALLEDEFTPFDVVRQCSGVTFQ</sequence>
        <attributeList>
          <attribute name="chain-seq-start">3264</attribute>
          <attribute name="chain-seq-end">3569</attribute>
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      </interactor>
      <interactor id="4">
        <names>
          <shortLabel>mca-avlqsgfr-lys(dnp)-lys-nh2</shortLabel>
          <fullName>MCA-AVLQSGFR-Lys(Dnp)-Lys-NH2</fullName>
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            <shortLabel>peptide</shortLabel>
            <fullName>peptide</fullName>
            <alias type="go synonym" typeAc="MI:0303">polypeptide</alias>
            <alias type="go synonym" typeAc="MI:0303">oligopeptide</alias>
            <alias type="synonym" typeAc="MI:1041">oligopeptide</alias>
            <alias type="synonym" typeAc="MI:1041">polypeptide</alias>
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        <organism ncbiTaxId="-2">
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            <shortLabel>chemical synthesis</shortLabel>
            <fullName>Chemical synthesis (Chemical synthesis)</fullName>
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        </organism>
        <sequence>AVLQSGFR</sequence>
      </interactor>
      <interactor id="5">
        <names>
          <shortLabel>heparin</shortLabel>
          <fullName>Heparin</fullName>
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          <primaryRef db="chebi" dbAc="MI:0474" id="CHEBI:28304" refType="identity" refTypeAc="MI:0356"/>
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            <shortLabel>small molecule</shortLabel>
            <fullName>small molecule</fullName>
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            <shortLabel>chemical synthesis</shortLabel>
            <fullName>Chemical synthesis (Chemical synthesis)</fullName>
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      <interactor id="6">
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          <shortLabel>gc-376</shortLabel>
          <fullName>GC-376</fullName>
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            <fullName>Chemical synthesis (Chemical synthesis)</fullName>
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    </interactorList>
    <interactionList>
      <interaction id="7" imexId="IM-29389-1">
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          <shortLabel>heparin-rep-1</shortLabel>
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                <shortLabel>unspecified role</shortLabel>
                <fullName>unspecified role</fullName>
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                  <shortLabel>neutral component</shortLabel>
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            </experimentalPreparationList>
            <hostOrganismList>
              <hostOrganism ncbiTaxId="83333">
                <names>
                  <shortLabel>ecoli</shortLabel>
                  <fullName>Escherichia coli (strain K12)</fullName>
                </names>
              </hostOrganism>
            </hostOrganismList>
          </participant>
          <participant id="9">
            <interactorRef>5</interactorRef>
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                <shortLabel>unspecified role</shortLabel>
                <fullName>unspecified role</fullName>
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                  <shortLabel>neutral component</shortLabel>
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                  <shortLabel>purified</shortLabel>
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            <hostOrganismList>
              <hostOrganism ncbiTaxId="9823">
                <names>
                  <shortLabel>pig-intestinal mucosa</shortLabel>
                  <fullName>pig</fullName>
                  <alias type="synonym" typeAc="MI:1041">Pig</alias>
                </names>
                <tissue>
                  <names>
                    <shortLabel>intestinal mucosa</shortLabel>
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                    <primaryRef db="intact" dbAc="MI:0469" id="IA:3114" refType="identity" refTypeAc="MI:0356"/>
                    <secondaryRef db="brenda" dbAc="MI:0864" id="BTO:0000642" refType="identity" refTypeAc="MI:0356"/>
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        </participantList>
        <interactionType>
          <names>
            <shortLabel>direct interaction</shortLabel>
            <fullName>direct interaction</fullName>
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          <attribute name="figure legend" nameAc="MI:0599">2</attribute>
          <attribute name="remark-internal">GST tag has been cleaved according to methods and M.Wt in figure 1A.&#xd;
Maybe all Kd values should be removed? I do not see any difference in methods to explain the difference in results between Table 1 and figure 2??&#xd;
Please let me know if you do, and I will correct - if not, I will ask the authors, in the improbable expectation that they will reply...(China!)</attribute>
          <attribute name="kinetics">In the text the Dissociation constants are given as 1.66 uM at 25 deg.C and and 3.16  at 35 deg.C -average 2.41 uM.&#xd;
However results in Table 1 give X10 higher values for Kd at these temperatures.</attribute>
          <attribute name="comment" nameAc="MI:0612">A higher concentration of Sodium chloride  did not significantly influence the interaction of heparin with Mpro.</attribute>
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          <shortLabel>heparin-rep-2</shortLabel>
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            <biologicalRole>
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                <alias type="synonym" typeAc="MI:1041">substrate</alias>
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            </biologicalRole>
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                  <fullName>Chemical synthesis (Chemical synthesis)</fullName>
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          <participant id="12">
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                  <secondaryRef db="pubmed" dbAc="MI:0446" id="14755292" refType="primary-reference" refTypeAc="MI:0358"/>
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              </experimentalRole>
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              <experimentalPreparation>
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                  <shortLabel>purified</shortLabel>
                  <fullName>purified</fullName>
                </names>
                <xref>
                  <primaryRef db="psi-mi" dbAc="MI:0488" id="MI:0350" refType="identity" refTypeAc="MI:0356"/>
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                  <secondaryRef db="pubmed" dbAc="MI:0446" id="14755292" refType="primary-reference" refTypeAc="MI:0358"/>
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            <hostOrganismList>
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                <names>
                  <shortLabel>ecoli</shortLabel>
                  <fullName>Escherichia coli (strain K12)</fullName>
                </names>
              </hostOrganism>
            </hostOrganismList>
          </participant>
          <participant id="13">
            <interactorRef>5</interactorRef>
            <biologicalRole>
              <names>
                <shortLabel>inhibitor</shortLabel>
                <fullName>inhibitor</fullName>
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              <xref>
                <primaryRef db="psi-mi" dbAc="MI:0488" id="MI:0586" refType="identity" refTypeAc="MI:0356"/>
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            </biologicalRole>
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                  <shortLabel>neutral component</shortLabel>
                  <fullName>neutral component</fullName>
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                  <secondaryRef db="pubmed" dbAc="MI:0446" id="14755292" refType="primary-reference" refTypeAc="MI:0358"/>
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              <experimentalPreparation>
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                  <fullName>purified</fullName>
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                <xref>
                  <primaryRef db="psi-mi" dbAc="MI:0488" id="MI:0350" refType="identity" refTypeAc="MI:0356"/>
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                  <secondaryRef db="pubmed" dbAc="MI:0446" id="14755292" refType="primary-reference" refTypeAc="MI:0358"/>
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              </experimentalPreparation>
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            <hostOrganismList>
              <hostOrganism ncbiTaxId="9823">
                <names>
                  <shortLabel>pig-intestinal mucosa</shortLabel>
                  <fullName>pig</fullName>
                  <alias type="synonym" typeAc="MI:1041">Pig</alias>
                </names>
                <tissue>
                  <names>
                    <shortLabel>intestinal mucosa</shortLabel>
                  </names>
                  <xref>
                    <primaryRef db="intact" dbAc="MI:0469" id="IA:3114" refType="identity" refTypeAc="MI:0356"/>
                    <secondaryRef db="brenda" dbAc="MI:0864" id="BTO:0000642" refType="identity" refTypeAc="MI:0356"/>
                    <secondaryRef db="intact" dbAc="MI:0469" id="EBI-12739446" refType="identity" refTypeAc="MI:0356"/>
                  </xref>
                </tissue>
              </hostOrganism>
            </hostOrganismList>
          </participant>
        </participantList>
        <interactionType>
          <names>
            <shortLabel>direct interaction</shortLabel>
            <fullName>direct interaction</fullName>
          </names>
          <xref>
            <primaryRef db="psi-mi" dbAc="MI:0488" id="MI:0407" refType="identity" refTypeAc="MI:0356"/>
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            <secondaryRef db="pubmed" dbAc="MI:0446" id="14755292" refType="primary-reference" refTypeAc="MI:0358"/>
          </xref>
        </interactionType>
        <parameterList>
          <parameter term="ki" termAc="MI:0643" unit="molar" unitAc="MI:0648" base="10" exponent="-9" factor="6.9000000000000003552713678800500929355621337890625"/>
          <parameter term="ic50" termAc="MI:0641" unit="molar" unitAc="MI:0648" base="10" exponent="-9" factor="7.79999999999999982236431605997495353221893310546875"/>
        </parameterList>
        <attributeList>
          <attribute name="figure legend" nameAc="MI:0599">3 C/D, 4 A-D</attribute>
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      </interaction>
      <interaction id="14" imexId="IM-29389-5">
        <names>
          <shortLabel>heparin-mca_avlqsgfr_lys(dnp)_lys_nh2-1</shortLabel>
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          <primaryRef db="intact" dbAc="MI:0469" id="EBI-28952029" refType="identity" refTypeAc="MI:0356"/>
          <secondaryRef db="imex" dbAc="MI:0670" id="IM-29389-5" refType="imex-primary" refTypeAc="MI:0662"/>
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        <participantList>
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                <shortLabel>enzyme target</shortLabel>
                <fullName>enzyme target</fullName>
                <alias type="go synonym" typeAc="MI:0303">substrate</alias>
                <alias type="synonym" typeAc="MI:1041">substrate</alias>
              </names>
              <xref>
                <primaryRef db="psi-mi" dbAc="MI:0488" id="MI:0502" refType="identity" refTypeAc="MI:0356"/>
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                  <fullName>neutral component</fullName>
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              <names>
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                <fullName>enzyme</fullName>
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        </participantList>
        <interactionType>
          <names>
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