CDC2
CDC28A
CDK1
CDKN1
P34CDC2
UniProt:P06493 CDK1
MMP3
STMY1
UniProt:P08254 MMP3
ERK2
MAPK1
PRKM1
PRKM2
UniProt:P28482 MAPK1
CDK5
CDKN5
UniProt:Q00535 CDK5
MGLL
UniProt:Q99685 MGLL
p-RAF binds 14-3-3 beta/alpha
Transient dissociation of 14-3-3 upon Ras binding
Stabilisation of RAS:RAF by 14-3-3
Stabilisation of RAF by further phosphorylation
Phosphorylated human RAF1 binds to RAS:GTP complex
Activated RAF1 complex binds MEK
RAF1 phosphorylates MEK1
RAF1 phosphorylates MEK2
Adenylate cyclase produces cAMP
cAMP induces dissociation of inactive PKA tetramers
PKA catalytic subunit translocates to the nucleus
PKA phosphorylates CREB
Dimerisation of CREB
Calmodulin binds CaMK IV
CamKIV enters the nucleus
CaMK IV autophosphorylation
CaMK IV phosphorylates CREB
Calmodulin activates Cam-PDE 1
cAMP hydrolysis by Cam-PDE 1
Inhibition of GRK2 by calmodulin
PKC phosphorylates GRK2
Vasopressin receptor type 2 bind vasopressin
G alpha (s) activates adenylate cyclase
Transport of Ca++ from platelet dense tubular system to cytoplasm
TP receptor can bind thromboxane
PIP3 recruits PDK1 and AKT to the membrane
Alpha-2 adrenoceptors bind catecholamines
Binding of IP3 to IP3 receptor
Calcium and Diacylglycerol activate CalDAG-GEFs (RasGRPs)
Activation of Protein Kinase C novel isoforms
DAG activation of TRPC channels
DAG is metabolized by DAGL to 2-AG
2-AG hydrolysis to arachidonate by MAGL
DAG kinase produces phosphatidic acid from DAG
Calcium binds calmodulin
GABAB heterodimeric receptor binds GABA
G alpha (i) inhibits adenylate cyclase
G alpha-olf:GTP binds to Gi alpha1:GTP:adenylate cyclase complex
Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf
Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of Gi alpha
Dissociation of the Gi alpha:G olf complex
PIP3 binds to RhoA and activates it
Angiotensin II binds to angiotensin II receptor (types 1 and 2)
Apelin receptor binds to apelin
Bombesin-like receptors bind bombesin homologues
Bradykinin receptors B1 and B2 bind to bradykinin
GPR77 binds anaphylatoxins and thier desArginated derivatives
C5a receptor binds C5a anaphylatoxin
C3a receptor binds anaphylatoxin C3a
DARC is a non-specific receptor for many chemokines
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 binds estrogen non-classically
GPCR neuropeptide receptor binds neuropeptides B and W
Nociceptin receptor binds to nociceptin
Opioid receptors bind opioid peptides
Receptor CCR10 binds CCL27 and 28 ligands
Receptor CCR6 binds CCL20 ligand
Receptor CCR7 binds CCL19 and 21 ligands
Receptor CCR9 binds CCL25 ligand
Receptor CX3C1 binds CX3CL1
Receptor CXC1 binds to the ligands lymphotactin and cytokine SCM-1 beta
Receptor CXCR1 binds CXCL6 and CXCL8 ligands
Receptor CXCR2 binds ligands CXCL1 to 7
Receptor CXCR3 binds ligands CXCL9 to 11
Receptors CXCR4 and 7 bind CXCL12 ligand
CXCR5 binds CXCL13
Receptor CXCR6 binds CXCL16 ligand
Receptors CCR1, 2 and 8 bind CCL16 ligand
Receptors CCR3, 4 and 5 bind CCL5 ligand
Receptor CCBP2 binds most inflammatory CC chemokines
Receptor CCR11 binds CCL19, CCL21 & CCL25
CCRL2 binds CCL19
Somatostatin receptors bind somatostatin
Tachykinin receptor 1 (NK1) binds to substance P
Tachykinin receptor 2 (NK2) binds to nuerokinin A
Tachykinin receptor 3 (NK3) binds to neurokinin B
Vasopressin receptor type 1 bind vasopressin
Oxytocin receptor bind oxytocin
Cholecystokinin receptors bind cholecystokinin
Endothelin receptors bind endothelin
Melanocortin receptors bind melanocortins
ACTH specifically binds with melanocortin receptor 2
Prolactin-releasing hormone receptor binds PRH
Neuropeptide Y receptors can bind neuropeptide Y-related peptides
Neurotensin receptors can bind neurotensins
Galanin receptors can bind galanin
The Kiss receptor GPR54 binds kisspeptin
Proteinase-activated receptors can bind thrombin
Orexin 1 receptor can bind orexin-A neuropeptide
Orexin 2 receptor can bind orexin-B neuropeptide
Two NPFF receptors can bind neuropeptide FF
The orphan QRFP receptor can bind neuropeptide QRFP
MLNR (GPR38) is a receptor for motilin
FPR is a receptor for formyl peptides
FPRL1 receptor binds a wide range of ligands
FPRL2 receptor binds a wide range of ligands
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor binds thyrotropin
Neuropeptide S receptor binds neuropeptide S
Prokineticin receptors bind prokineticin
Relaxin receptor 1 binds relaxin 2 and 3
Relaxin receptor 2 binds relaxin 2 and INSL3
Relaxin 3 receptor 1 binds relaxin 3
Relaxin 3 receptor 2 binds relaxin 3 and INSL5
Urotensin-2 receptor binds urotensin-2 and 2B
GHSR is a receptor for ghrelin
Melanin-concentrating hormone receptors bind MCH
Neuromedin-U receptors bind neuromedins U, S
NMUR2 binds neuromedin-S
M2 and M4 receptors bind acetylcholine
M1, M3 and M5 receptors bind acetylcholine
Alpha-1 adrenoceptors bind catecholamines
Beta adrenoceptors bind catecholamines
D1-like dopamine receptors bind to dopamine
D2-like dopamine receptors bind to dopamine
H1 receptor binds histamine
H2 receptor binds histamine
H3 and H4 receptors binds histamine
5-HT1 and 5A receptors can bind serotonin
5-HT2 receptor can bind serotonin
5-HT4, 6 and 7 receptors can bind serotonin
Trace amine-associated receptors can bind trace amines
Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor can bind FSH
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors can bind GNRH I and II
Luteinizing hormone receptor can bind LH
Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor can bind TSH
EP1 receptor can bind PGE2
EP2 and EP4 receptors can bind PGE2
EP3 receptor can bind PGE2
FP receptor can bind PGF2-alpha
IP receptor can bind prostacyclin
DP1 receptor can bind PGD2
DP2 receptor can bind PGD2
BLT receptors can bind LTB4
CysLT receptors can bind cysteinyl leukotrienes
UDP/CysLT receptor can bind cysteinyl leukotrienes
Oxoeicosanoid receptor can bind oxoeicosanoid
P2Y1 receptor can bind to ADP
P2Y2 receptor binds ATP and UTP
P2Y4 receptor can bind to UTP
P2Y5 receptor can bind to LPA
P2Y6 receptor can bind to UDP
P2Y9 receptor can bind to LPA
P2Y10 receptor can bind to LPA
P2Y11 receptor can bind to ATP
P2Y12 receptor can bind to ADP
P2Y13 receptor can bind ADP
P2Y14 receptor can bind to UDP-glucose
The UDP/CysLT (P2Y17) receptor can bind UTP
A1 and A3 receptors bind adenosine
A2a and A2b receptors bind adenosine
HCAR2 binds HCAR2 ligands
HCAR1 binds L-lactate
HCAR1 binds LACT
HCAR3 binds HCAR3 ligands
Cannabinoid receptors can bind cannabinoids
PAF receptor binds platelet activating factor
Melatonin receptors can bind melatonin
LPA-binding receptors bind LPA
S1P-binding receptors bind S1P
Light stimulates opsin receptors
Melanospin is stimulated by light
Receptor FFAR1 binds free fatty acids
Receptor FFAR2 binds carboxylates
Receptor FFAR3 binds carboxylates
GPR120 is a receptor for unsaturated long-chain free fatty acids
GPR31 is a receptor for 12(S)-HETE
GPR4, GPR65, GPR132 and OGR1 are pH sensing receptors
G-protein coupled bile acid receptor binds lithocholic acid
N-arachidonyl glycine receptor GPR18 binds N-arachidonyl glycine
Zinc is an agonist of GPR39
OXGR1 binds 2OG
SUCNR1 binds SUCCA
SUCNR1 binds succinate
Calcitonin receptor binds calcitonin
Amylin receptors can bind Amylin
CGRP receptor can bind calcitonin gene-related peptides
The adrenomedullin receptor can bind adrenomedullin and intermedin
Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor can bind CRH
GIP receptor binds gastric inhibitory peptide
Glucagon binds to Glucagon receptor
Binding of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 by Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor
Glucagon-like receptor 2 binds GLP2
GHRH receptor binds GHRH
The PACAP receptor binds PACAP
Secretin receptor binds secretin
Parathyroid hormone receptor can bind parathyroid hormone
Patched binds Smoothened
Frizzled receptors bind Wnts
EGF-TM7 receptors bind chondroitin sulphate
CD97 binds CD55
Metabotropic glutamate receptors bind glutamate
Calcium-sensing receptor binds calcium
GPRC6A can bind L-alpha amino acids and calcium
T1R1/T1R3 dimer is the umami taste receptor
T1R2/T1R3 dimer is a sweet taste receptor
T2Rs bind bitter-tasting compounds
Liganded Gs-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric Gs
Liganded Gs-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gs
The Ligand:GPCR:Gs complex dissociates
Adenylate cyclase converts ATP to 3',5'-cyclic AMP (cAMP) and pyrophosphate
cAMP degradation by Phosphodiesterases
G alpha (s) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP
Inactive G alpha (s) reassociates with G beta:gamma
Liganded Gi-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric G-protein Gi
Liganded Gi-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gi
The Ligand:GPCR:Gi complex dissociates
Opsins that act as GEFs for G alpha-t
G alpha (i) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP
Inactive G alpha (i) reassociates with G beta:gamma
Liganded Gz-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric G-protein Gz
Liganded Gz-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gz
The Ligand:GPCR:Gz complex dissociates
G alpha (z) inhibits adenylate cyclase
Gz is a substrate for PKC
G alpha (z) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP
Inactive G alpha (z) reassociates with G beta:gamma
Liganded Gq-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric Gq
Liganded Gq/11-activating GPCRs act as GEFs for Gq/11
The Ligand:GPCR:Gq complex dissociates
GRK2 sequesters activated Gq
GRK5 sequesters activated Gq
G alpha (q) binds to Trio family RhoGEFs
PLC beta is activated by G alpha (q)
G alpha (q) inhibits PI3K alpha
PLC beta-mediated PIP2 hydrolysis
G alpha (q) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP
Inactive G alpha (q) reassociates with G beta:gamma
Liganded G12/13-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric G-protein G12/13
Liganded G12/13-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for G12/13
The Ligand:GPCR:G12/13 complex dissociates
G alpha (13) activates Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (p115-RhoGEF)
p115-RhoGEF activation of Rac1
Rac1 activation of PI3K
GEFs activate RhoA,B,C
ROCK activation by Rho
LARG activation by G alpha 12/13
LARG binds plexin B1
G alpha (12/13) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDP
Inactive G alpha (12/13) reassociates with G beta:gamma
Gbeta:gamma recruits PI3K gamma
G beta:gamma activated PI3Kgamma converts PIP2 to PIP3
Gbeta:gamma activation of PLC beta
G Protein trimer formation (olfactory)
Olfactory Receptor - G Protein olfactory trimer complex formation
Opioid binds MOR
The high affinity receptor complex binds to G-protein
The receptor:G-protein complex releases GDP
The receptor:G-protein complex binds GTP
The receptor:G-protein complex dissociates
G-protein alpha subunit is inactivated
G-protein beta-gamma subunits rebind the alpha-GDP subunit
Opioid dissociates from MOR
Activation of PLC beta-1/4
PIP2 hydrolysis
Inactivation of PLC beta
Phosphorylation of cPLA2 by ERK-2
Phospho-cPLA2 translocates to membranes when intracellular calcium levels increase
Hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine
Galpha-olf:GTP binds to adenylate cyclase and activates it
Adenylate cyclase converts ATP into cyclic AMP
Adenylaye cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf
The G alpha-olf:GDP:Adenylate cyclase complex dissociates
PKA phosphorylates PDE4B
cAMP hydrolysis by PDE 4
PKA phosphorylates DARPP-32 on Thr34
DARPP-32 phosphorylated on T34 binds to PP1, inhibiting its function
CDK5 phosphorylates DARPP-32 on Thr75
DARPP-32 phosphorylated on Thr75 binds to PKA, inhibiting its function
DARPP-32 is dephosphorylated on Thr75 by PP2A
Inactive catalytic PP2B is activated by the binding of calmodulin
DARPP-32 is dephosphorylated on Thr34 by PP2B
Gastrin binds to CCK-B receptor
Activation of Protein kinase C, alpha type by Diacylglycerol
Active MMP3 can cleave pro-HBEGF to form active HBEGF
Mature HBEGF binds to EGFR, triggering dimerisation and autophosphorylation of the receptor
GRB2:SOS1 binds to HBEGF:p-Y-EGFR
SOS1-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (HB-EFG-initiated)
IP3 binds to the IP3 receptor, opening the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ channel
Release of calcium from intracellular stores by IP3 receptor activation
Inactivation of MEK1 by p34cdc2
MEK1 binds ERK-1
MEK1 phosphorylates ERK-1
Dissociation of phospho-ERK-1:MEK1
Dimerisation of phospho-ERK-1
Nuclear translocation of phospho-ERK-1 dimer
MEK2 binds ERK-2
MEK2 phosphorylates ERK-2
Dissociation of phospho-ERK-2:MEK2
Dimerisation of phospho-ERK-2
Nuclear translocation of phospho-ERK-2 dimer
ERK1/2/5 activate RSK1/2/3
RSK1/2/3 phosphorylates CREB at Serine 133
Signaling by GPCR
GPCR ligand binding
Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
Peptide ligand-binding receptors
Chemokine receptors bind chemokines
Tachykinin receptors bind tachykinins
Vasopressin-like receptors
Orexin and neuropeptides FF and QRFP bind to their respective receptors
Formyl peptide receptors bind formyl peptides and many other ligands
Relaxin receptors
Amine ligand-binding receptors
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
Adrenoceptors
Dopamine receptors
Histamine receptors
Serotonin receptors
Hormone ligand-binding receptors
Eicosanoid ligand-binding receptors
Prostanoid ligand receptors
Leukotriene receptors
Nucleotide-like (purinergic) receptors
P2Y receptors
Adenosine P1 receptors
Hydroxycarboxylic acid-binding receptors
Lysosphingolipid and LPA receptors
Opsins
Free fatty acid receptors
Class B/2 (Secretin family receptors)
Calcitonin-like ligand receptors
Glucagon-type ligand receptors
Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)
GPCR downstream signaling
G alpha (s) signalling events
G alpha (i) signalling events
G alpha (z) signalling events
G alpha (q) signalling events
G alpha (12/13) signalling events
G-protein beta:gamma signalling
G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma
G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta
Olfactory Signaling Pathway
Opioid Signalling
G-protein activation
G-protein mediated events
PLC beta mediated events
Ca-dependent events
phospho-PLA2 pathway
Adenylate cyclase activating pathway
DARPP-32 events
Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK
EGFR Transactivation by Gastrin
ERK activation
ERK1 activation
ERK2 activation
RAF/MAP kinase cascade
RAF activation
MEK activation
RAF phosphorylates MEK
CaM pathway
Calmodulin induced events
PKA-mediated phosphorylation of CREB
PKA activation
CaMK IV-mediated phosphorylation of CREB
Cam-PDE 1 activation
Effects of PIP2 hydrolysis
Arachidonate production from DAG
Adenylate cyclase inhibitory pathway
Activated PKC-alpha can activate MMP3