KIAA0702
label: NCKX1
label: SLC24A1
label: UniProt:O60721 SLC24A1

DHRS3
label: UNQ2424/PRO4983
label: UniProt:O75911 DHRS3

LRAT
label: UniProt:O95237 LRAT

LDLR
label: UniProt:P01130 LDLR

RBP3
label: UniProt:P10745 RBP3

ABCA4
label: ABCR
label: UniProt:P78363 ABCA4

GRK1
label: RHOK
label: UniProt:Q15835 GRK1

RPE65
label: UniProt:Q16518 RPE65

C7orf18
label: NAPEPLD
label: UniProt:Q6IQ20 NAPEPLD

PLB
label: PLB1
label: UniProt:Q6P1J6 PLB1

ARSDR1
label: CGI-82
label: PSDR1
label: RDH11
label: UniProt:Q8TC12 RDH11

RDH1
label: RDH5
label: UniProt:Q92781 RDH5

RDH12
label: UniProt:Q96NR8 RDH12

PRRDH
label: RDH8
label: UniProt:Q9NYR8 RDH8

ABCA4 mediates atRAL transport
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: ABCA4
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: ABCA4
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: ABCA4
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: ABCA4
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: GO_0005395
BFO_0000050: The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision)
directly activates: RDH12 reduces atRAL to atROL
directly activates: RDH8 reduces atRAL to atROL
directly activates: Catalysis1381
directly activates: Catalysis1382
label: atRAL(membrane) is transported to atRAL(cytosol) by ABCA4

Defective STRA6 does not transport atROL
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid cycle disease events

Defective LRAT does not esterify atROL and PALM to RPALM
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid cycle disease events

Defective ABCA4 does not transport atRAL or NRPE from disc membranes
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid cycle disease events

Defective OPN1SW causes tritanopia
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid cycle disease events

Defective OPN1MW causes DCB and BCM
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid cycle disease events

Defective OPN1MW causes COD5
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid cycle disease events

Defective OPN1LW causes BCM
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid cycle disease events

Defective OPN1LW causes CBP
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid cycle disease events

Defective RDH12 does not reduce atRAL to atROL and causes LCA13
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid cycle disease events

Defective RDH12 does not reduce atRAL to atROL and causes RP53
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid cycle disease events

Defective RDH5 does not oxidise 11cROL to 11cRAL and causes RPA
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid cycle disease events

Defective RBP4 does not bind atROL
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid cycle disease events

atRAL can spontaneously react with PE to form NRPE
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Biosynthesis of A2E, implicated in retinal degradation
directly activates: NRPE condenses with atRAL to form A2PE
directly activates: NRPE is a substrate for ABCA4
directly activates: Catalysis1380

NRPE condenses with atRAL to form A2PE
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Biosynthesis of A2E, implicated in retinal degradation
directly activates: A2PE hydrolyses to A2E
directly activates: Catalysis1360

A2PE hydrolyses to A2E
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0042622
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0042622
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: C7orf18
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: C7orf18
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: C7orf18
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: C7orf18
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0042622
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0042622
type: GO_0070290
BFO_0000050: Biosynthesis of A2E, implicated in retinal degradation
directly activates: A2E is phagocytosed

A2E is phagocytosed
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Biosynthesis of A2E, implicated in retinal degradation
directly activates: A2E translocates to RPE cells

A2E translocates to RPE cells
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Biosynthesis of A2E, implicated in retinal degradation

Digestion of retinyl palmitate by extracellular PTL:colipase
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: GO_0050253
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: Membrane retinol binds to cytosolic RBP2
label: PNLIP:CLPS hydrolyses RPALM to atROL and PALM

Cleavage of retinyl palmitate by PLB1
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: PLB
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: PLB
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: PLB
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: PLB
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: GO_0050253
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: Membrane retinol binds to cytosolic RBP2
label: PLB1 hydrolyses RPALM to atROL

Membrane retinol binds to cytosolic RBP2
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: LRAT esterifies RBP2:atROL and FACYLs to atREs
directly activates: Catalysis1366
label: atROL binds to RBP2

BCMO1:Fe2+ oxidises betaC to atRAL
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: GO_0003834
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: atRAL binds to RBP2
label: Oxidation of beta-carotene to all-trans-retinal

atRAL binds to RBP2
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: RDH11 reduces RBP2:atRAL to RBP2:atROL
directly activates: AKRs reduce RBP2:atRAL to RBP2:atROL
directly activates: Catalysis1364
directly activates: Catalysis1365

RDH11 reduces RBP2:atRAL to RBP2:atROL
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: ARSDR1
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: ARSDR1
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: ARSDR1
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: ARSDR1
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: GO_0016616
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: LRAT esterifies RBP2:atROL and FACYLs to atREs
directly activates: Catalysis1366

AKRs reduce RBP2:atRAL to RBP2:atROL
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: GO_0004033
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: LRAT esterifies RBP2:atROL and FACYLs to atREs
directly activates: Catalysis1366

LRAT esterifies RBP2:atROL and FACYLs to atREs
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: LRAT
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: LRAT
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: LRAT
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: LRAT
type: GO_0047173
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: atREs binds to nascent CM

atREs binds to nascent CM
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: Chylomicron secretion into the lymphatic system

Chylomicron secretion into the lymphatic system
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: Nascent CMs transform into mature CMs
label: Cytosolic CMs translocate to extracellular region

Nascent CMs transform into mature CMs
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: LPL hydrolyses TGs from mature CMs
directly activates: Catalysis1367

LPL hydrolyses TGs from mature CMs
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: GO_0004465
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: Circulating chylomicron remnants can be directly cleared by the LDL receptor
directly activates: CR remnants bind to apoE, enhanced by HSPG, in preparation for internalisation
directly activates: Catalysis1368
label: Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyses triacylglycerols (TGs) from mature chylomicrons (CM)

Circulating chylomicron remnants can be directly cleared by the LDL receptor
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: LDLR
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: LDLR
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: LDLR
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: LDLR
type: GO_0005041
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: NREH hydrolyses atREs to atROL and FAs
directly activates: Catalysis1370
label: LDLR transports extracellular CR:atREs to cytosol

CR remnants bind to apoE, enhanced by HSPG, in preparation for internalisation
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: LRPs transport extracellular CR:atREs:HSPG:apoE to cytosol
directly activates: Catalysis1369
label: CR:atREs binds apoE and HSPG

LRPs transport extracellular CR:atREs:HSPG:apoE to cytosol
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: GO_0005041
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: NREH hydrolyses atREs (HSPG:apoE) to atROL and FAs
directly activates: Catalysis1371
label: Remnant CMs bound to apoE and HSPG are cleared by LDL receptor-related proteins

NREH hydrolyses atREs to atROL and FAs
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005769
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005769
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005769
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005769
type: GO_0047376
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: atROL binds RBP1 (parenchymal cell)
label: Retinyl esters are hydrolysed to retinol in hepatocytes

NREH hydrolyses atREs (HSPG:apoE) to atROL and FAs
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005769
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005769
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005769
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005769
type: GO_0047376
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: atROL binds RBP1 (parenchymal cell)
label: Retinyl esters (complexed with HSPG:apoE) are hydrolysed to retinol in hepatocytes

atROL binds RBP1 (parenchymal cell)
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: Parenchymal atROL translocates to HSCs

Parenchymal atROL translocates to HSCs
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: atROL binds RBP1
label: atROL delivered to stellate cells for storage

atROL binds RBP1
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: LRAT esterifies RBP1:atROL and FACYLs to atREs
directly activates: Catalysis1372

LRAT esterifies RBP1:atROL and FACYLs to atREs
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: LRAT
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: LRAT
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: LRAT
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: LRAT
type: GO_0016416
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: A REH hydrolses atREs to atROL and FAs
directly activates: Catalysis1373

A REH hydrolses atREs to atROL and FAs
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: GO_0050253
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: HSC cytosolic atROL translocates to extracellular region

HSC cytosolic atROL translocates to extracellular region
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: RBP4 binds atROL
label: atROL secreted into bloodstream

RBP4 binds atROL
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport
directly activates: RBP4:atROL binds TTR

RBP4:atROL binds TTR
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Retinoid metabolism and transport

TTR:RBP:atROL binds to STRA6 receptor
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision)
directly activates: All-trans-retinol is taken up by cells expressing STRA6 receptor

All-trans-retinol is taken up by cells expressing STRA6 receptor
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision)
directly activates: Before esterification, retinol binds to RBP1 in RPE
label: atROL (extracellular) is transported to cytosol by STRA6

Before esterification, retinol binds to RBP1 in RPE
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision)
directly activates: LRAT esterifies RBP1:atROL and FACYLs to atREs
directly activates: Catalysis1374
label: atROL binds RBP1 to form RBP1:atROL

LRAT esterifies RBP1:atROL and FACYLs to atREs
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: LRAT
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: LRAT
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: LRAT
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: LRAT
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: GO_0016416
BFO_0000050: The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision)
directly activates: RPE65 isomero-hydrolyses atREs to 11cROL
directly activates: Catalysis1375
directly activates: Control224
label: LRAT esterifies all-trans-retinol in RPE

RPE65 isomero-hydrolyses atREs to 11cROL
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RPE65
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RPE65
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RPE65
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RPE65
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: GO_0052884
BFO_0000050: The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision)
label: Retinoid isomerohydrolase isomero-hydrolyses retinyl esters to 11-cis-retinol

RDHs oxidise 11-cis-retinol to 11-cis-retinal
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: GO_0052650
BFO_0000050: The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision)
directly activates: 11cRAL (RPE) translocates to photoreceptor outer segment
directly activates: Catalysis1378
label: RDHs oxidise 11cROL to 11cRAL

RDH5 oxidises 11-cis-retinol to 11-cis-retinal
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RDH1
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RDH1
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RDH1
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RDH1
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: GO_0004745
BFO_0000050: The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision)
directly activates: 11cRAL (RPE) translocates to photoreceptor outer segment
directly activates: Catalysis1378
label: RDH5 oxidises 11cROL to 11cRAL

11cRAL (RPE) translocates to photoreceptor outer segment
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RBP3
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RBP3
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RBP3
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RBP3
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: GO_0005501
BFO_0000050: The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision)
directly activates: 11-cis-retinal binds to rhodopsin

11-cis-retinal binds to rhodopsin
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision)
directly activates: Photons induce isomerization of 11cRAL to atRAL
directly activates: Catalysis1379
label: 11cRAL binds to opsin to form RHO:11cRAL

Photons induce isomerization of 11cRAL to atRAL
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: GO_0009881
BFO_0000050: The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision)
BFO_0000050: Activation of the phototransduction cascade
directly activates: MII catalyses GDP/GTP exchange on Gt
directly activates: GRK1 phosphorylates MII to p-MII
directly activates: Catalysis1391
directly activates: Catalysis1399
directly activates: Control225
directly activates: Control226
directly activates: Control234
directly activates: Control235
directly activates: Control236
directly activates: Control237
directly activates: Control238
label: Rhodopsin activation

NRPE is a substrate for ABCA4
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: ABCA4
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: ABCA4
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: ABCA4
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: ABCA4
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: GO_0005395
BFO_0000050: The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision)
directly activates: NRPE dissociates to atRAL and PE

NRPE dissociates to atRAL and PE
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision)
directly activates: RDH12 reduces atRAL to atROL
directly activates: atRAL is reduced to atROL
directly activates: Catalysis1381
directly activates: Catalysis1390

atRAL diffuses through membranes to cytosol
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision)
directly activates: RDH12 reduces atRAL to atROL
directly activates: RDH8 reduces atRAL to atROL
directly activates: Catalysis1381
directly activates: Catalysis1382
label: atRAL(membrane) diffuses to atRAL(cytosol)

RDH12 reduces atRAL to atROL
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0060342
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0060342
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RDH12
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RDH12
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RDH12
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RDH12
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0060342
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0060342
type: GO_0052650
BFO_0000050: The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision)
directly activates: RBP3 regulates the transport of atROL from ROS to RPE
directly activates: RBP3 regulates atROL taken up by Muller cells
directly activates: Catalysis1383
directly activates: Catalysis1384

RDH8 reduces atRAL to atROL
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0042622
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0042622
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: PRRDH
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: PRRDH
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: PRRDH
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: PRRDH
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0042622
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0042622
type: GO_0052650
BFO_0000050: The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision)
directly activates: RBP3 regulates the transport of atROL from ROS to RPE
directly activates: RBP3 regulates atROL taken up by Muller cells
directly activates: Catalysis1383
directly activates: Catalysis1384

RBP3 regulates the transport of atROL from ROS to RPE
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RBP3
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RBP3
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RBP3
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RBP3
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: GO_0005501
BFO_0000050: The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision)
directly activates: Before esterification, retinol binds to RBP1 in RPE

RBP3 regulates atROL taken up by Muller cells
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RBP3
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RBP3
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RBP3
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RBP3
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: GO_0005501
BFO_0000050: The retinoid cycle in cones (daylight vision)

An atROL isomerase isomerises atROL to 11cROL
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: GO_0050251
BFO_0000050: The retinoid cycle in cones (daylight vision)

A REH hydrolyses 11cRE to 11cROL
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: GO_0047520
BFO_0000050: The retinoid cycle in cones (daylight vision)
directly activates: 11cROL translocates from Muller cells to cone photoreceptor cells
directly activates: Catalysis1387

11cROL translocates from Muller cells to cone photoreceptor cells
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RBP3
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RBP3
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RBP3
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: RBP3
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: GO_0005501
BFO_0000050: The retinoid cycle in cones (daylight vision)
directly activates: 11cROL binds to RLBP1 to form RLBP1:11cROL

11cROL binds to RLBP1 to form RLBP1:11cROL
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: The retinoid cycle in cones (daylight vision)
directly activates: 11cRDH oxidises 11cROL to 11cRAL
directly activates: Catalysis1388
label: RLBP1 binds atROL

11cRDH oxidises 11cROL to 11cRAL
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005789
type: GO_0052650
BFO_0000050: The retinoid cycle in cones (daylight vision)

Photons induce isomerisation of 11cRAL to atRAL
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005576
type: GO_0009881
BFO_0000050: The retinoid cycle in cones (daylight vision)
directly activates: atRAL is hydrolysed from R*

atRAL is hydrolysed from R*
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: The retinoid cycle in cones (daylight vision)
directly activates: atRAL is reduced to atROL
directly activates: Catalysis1390

atRAL is reduced to atROL
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0042622
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0042622
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: DHRS3
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: DHRS3
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: DHRS3
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: DHRS3
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0042622
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0042622
type: GO_0052650
BFO_0000050: The retinoid cycle in cones (daylight vision)
directly activates: RBP3 regulates atROL taken up by Muller cells
directly activates: Catalysis1384

MII catalyses GDP/GTP exchange on Gt
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: GO_0005085
BFO_0000050: Activation of the phototransduction cascade
directly activates: Gt-GTP dissociates to GNAT1-GTP and GNB1:GNGT1

Gt-GTP dissociates to GNAT1-GTP and GNB1:GNGT1
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Activation of the phototransduction cascade
directly activates: GNAT1-GTP binds PDE6 and activates it
directly activates: Control227

GNAT1-GTP binds PDE6 and activates it
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Activation of the phototransduction cascade
directly activates: PDE hydrolyses cGMP to GMP
directly activates: Catalysis1392
directly activates: Control228

PDE hydrolyses cGMP to GMP
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: GO_0047555
BFO_0000050: Activation of the phototransduction cascade
directly activates: Decreased cGMP closes cation channels
directly activates: Control231
directly activates: Control232
directly activates: Control233

cGMP:CNG transports Na+ and Ca2+ into the rod outer segment
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: GO_0005221
BFO_0000050: Activation of the phototransduction cascade
directly activates: NCKX1 exchanges Na+ for Ca2+/K+
directly activates: Catalysis1394
directly activates: Control230

NCKX1 exchanges Na+ for Ca2+/K+
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: KIAA0702
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: KIAA0702
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: KIAA0702
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: KIAA0702
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: KIAA0702
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: KIAA0702
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: KIAA0702
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: KIAA0702
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005886
type: GO_0008273
BFO_0000050: Activation of the phototransduction cascade
label: NCKX1 removes Ca2+ from the rod outer segment

Decreased cGMP closes cation channels
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Activation of the phototransduction cascade
label: cGMP dissociates from CNG channels

METAP1/2 demethylates GNAT1
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: GO_0004177
BFO_0000050: Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade

NMT1/2 transfer MYS to GNAT1
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: GO_0004379
BFO_0000050: Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade

FNTA:FNTB transfers FARN to GNGT1
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: GO_0004660
BFO_0000050: Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade
label: Farnesyltransferase complex farnesylates the gamma subunit of transducin

Unknown N-acyltransferase N-acylates glycine residue in GNAT1
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: GO_0047961
BFO_0000050: Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade
label: Unknown NAT N-acylates Gly in GNAT1

GRK1 phosphorylates MII to p-MII
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: GRK1
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: GRK1
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: GRK1
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: GRK1
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: GRK1
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: GRK1
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: GRK1
type: Restriction
  on property: enabled by
  some values from: GRK1
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: GO_0050254
BFO_0000050: Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade
directly activates: SAG binds p-MII to form p-MII:SAG
label: GRK1 phosphorylates MII to p-S334,S338,S343-MII

Ca2+ and recoverin restrict GRK1 activity
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade
label: RCVRN:Ca2+ binds to and inhibits GRK1

SAG binds p-MII to form p-MII:SAG
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade
directly activates: atRAL dissociates from p-MII:SAG

atRAL dissociates from p-MII:SAG
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade
directly activates: p-MII:SAG dissociates to p-RHO and SAG

p-MII:SAG dissociates to p-RHO and SAG
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade
directly activates: ABCA4 mediates atRAL transport
directly activates: atRAL diffuses through membranes to cytosol
directly activates: PP2A dephosphorylates p-RHO to RHO
directly activates: Catalysis1400
directly activates: Catalysis574
directly activates: Control241
directly activates: Control242

PP2A dephosphorylates p-RHO to RHO
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0005829
type: GO_0004722
BFO_0000050: Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade
directly activates: 11-cis-retinal binds to rhodopsin

GNAT1-GTP hydrolyses its bound GTP to GDP
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: GO_0003924
BFO_0000050: Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade
directly activates: GNAT1-GDP binds to GNB1:GNGT1

PRKCA/Q phosphorylate RGS9-1:GN5B:RGS9BP
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: GO_0004672
BFO_0000050: Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade
label: PRKCA/Q phosphorylate RGS9-1:GN5B:RGS9BP to form p-S478-RGS9-1:GN5B:RGS9BP

GNAT1-GDP binds to GNB1:GNGT1
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade
directly activates: MII catalyses GDP/GTP exchange on Gt
directly activates: Catalysis1391
directly activates: Control225
directly activates: Control226

GUCA binds Ca2+ to form GUCA:Ca2+
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade

GUCYs converts GTP to cGMP
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000066
  some values from: GO_0097381
type: GO_0004383
BFO_0000050: Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade
directly activates: cGMP binds CNG channel to form cGMP:CNG channel
directly activates: Control249
directly activates: Control250
directly activates: Control251
label: cGMP synthesis by guanylyl cyclase

cGMP binds CNG channel to form cGMP:CNG channel
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade
directly activates: BiochemicalReaction242

CALM1:Ca2+ binds CNG channel
type: GO_0003674
BFO_0000050: Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade
label: Calmodulin:Ca2+ lowers CNG channel sensitivity to cGMP

Diseases associated with visual transduction
type: GO_0008150

Retinoid cycle disease events
type: GO_0008150
BFO_0000050: Diseases associated with visual transduction

Biosynthesis of A2E, implicated in retinal degradation
type: GO_0008150
BFO_0000050: Retinoid cycle disease events

Visual phototransduction
type: GO_0008150
BFO_0000050: Diseases associated with visual transduction

Retinoid metabolism and transport
type: GO_0008150
BFO_0000050: Visual phototransduction

The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision)
type: GO_0008150
BFO_0000050: Visual phototransduction

The retinoid cycle in cones (daylight vision)
type: GO_0008150
BFO_0000050: Visual phototransduction

The phototransduction cascade
type: GO_0008150
BFO_0000050: Visual phototransduction

Activation of the phototransduction cascade
type: GO_0008150
BFO_0000050: The phototransduction cascade

Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade
type: GO_0008150
BFO_0000050: The phototransduction cascade